Army Regulation Essay Example for Free

soldiery Regulation EssayChain of prevaila. The drawing string of control condition assists manipulateers at all levels to acquire their primary function of accomplishing the units assigned armorial bearing while caring for personnel and property in their charge. A simple and direct range of a function of command facilitates the transmittal of orders from the highest to the lowest levels in a minimum of time and with the least chance of misinterpretation. The command channel extends upward in the same agency for matters requiring official communication from subordinate to higher-ranking. b. prevailers atomic number 18 responsible for everything their command does or fails to do. However, commanders subdivide debt instrument and authority and assign portions of both to various subordinate commanders and mental faculty members. In this way, a proper degree of responsibility becomes inherent in each command echelon. Commanders delegate sufficient authority to Soldiers in the chain of command to accomplish their assigned duties, and commanders may hold these Soldiers responsible for their actions. Commanders who assign responsibility and authority to their subordinates still retain the overall responsibility for the actions of their commands.c. Proper use of the chain of command is vital to the overall impressiveness of the legions. Commanders must acquaint all their Soldiers with its existence and proper function. Effective communication between senior and subordinate Soldiers indoors the chain of command is crucial to the proper functioning of all units. Therefore, Soldiers entrust use the chain of command when communicating issues and problems to their leaders and commanders.Open door policiesCommanders will establish an impolite door policy within their commands. Soldiers argon responsible to visualise that the commander is made aw atomic number 18 of problems that affect discipline, morale, and mission effectiveness and an contribute d oor policy allows members of the command to present facts, concerns, and problems of a personal or professional nature or other issues that the Soldier has been unable to resolve. The timing, conduct, and specific procedures of the open door policy argon determined by the commander. He orshe is responsible for ensuring that Soldiers are aware of the commands open door policy. motion counselingCommanders will interpret that all members of their command receive timely performance counseling. Effective performance counseling of officers, noncommissioned officers (NCO), enlisted Soldiers, and DA civilian employees helps to ensure that they are prepared to carry out their duties efficiently and accomplish the mission. AR 6233 and AR 690400 contain counseling requirements in conjunction with the rating account systems. Unit commanders will determine the timing and specific methods used to provide guidance and direction with counseling. FM 622 provides advice and makes suggestions conc erning effective counseling. Providing regular and effective performance counseling to all Soldiers, not just those whose performance fails to meet unit standards, is a command function. All commanders will ensure that their subordinate commanders have implemented and are maintaining an effective performance counseling program.Staff or technical takeStaff or technical channels may be used for sending reports, information, or instructions not involving variations from command policy and directives.Command of installations, activities, and unitsa. Responsibility. The senior regularly assigned United States forces officer present for duty normally has responsibility for the command of units, platoon level and above, except as shown in paragraphs 28a, 215, and 216. b. Command of installations. Command of Army installations is subject to policies, procedures, and regulations promulgated by HQDA.(1) Command of Army installations is exercised by a senior commander (SC). The SC is designa ted by senior Army leadership. The SCs command authority over the installation derives from the Chief of Staff, Army (CSA) and Secretary of the Armys (SA) authority over installations. This is a direct representation of command authority for the installation to the SC. The SCs command authority includes all regime inherent in command including the authority to ensure the forethought of good order and discipline for theinstallation. (2) Army installations are identified in one of two categories as follows (a) Installations managed by Installation Management Command (IMCOM). Installations that are managed by IMCOM are discussed in paragraph b(4)(e), below.(b) Installations not managed by IMCOM. Installations that are not managed by IMCOM are discussed in paragraph 25b(4)(f), below.(3) Joint beginnings. Army installations designated for management under Department of Defense (DOD) Joint Basing 6 AR 60020 18 serve 2008Guidance shall be operated in full entry with DOD requirements . In the event of a discrepancy between this regulation and the DOD policies or procedures for Joint basing, the DOD policies or procedures take precedence. (4) Roles and responsibilities.(a) Senior commander. The SC is normally the senior general officer at the installation. The SCs mission is the care of Soldiers, Families, and Civilians, and to enable unit readiness. While the delegation of senior command authority is direct from HQDA, the SC will routinely resolve installation issues with IMCOM and, as needed, the associated ACOM, Army serve component command (ASCC), or direct reporting unit (DRU). The SC uses the garrison as the primary organization to provide services and resources to customers in provide of accomplishing this mission. All applicable commands realise the SC in the execution of SC responsibilities therefore, the SC is the supported commander by the IMCOM region director (RD), the garrison and tenants. The SC1. Normally is a dual-hatted position. When this oc curs the commander exercises discrete authorities as the SC and as a mission commander. The SC responsibilities and authorities are installation focused the responsibilities and authorities as the mission commander are mission focused.2. Can, in rare cases, be an HQDA-appointed civilian versus a uniformed SC, who will assume the SC roles and responsibilities with the exception of UCMJ and command authority. In these instances, the individual will be referred to as the senior manager. Prior to the appointment of the senior manager, command and UCMJ authorities for the installation will be specified.3. Is responsible for synchronizing and integrating Army priorities and initiatives at the installation. On IMCOM managed installations there is a requirement for a strong collaborative relationship between the SC and the IMCOM RD. The SC commands the installation but mount of almost all installation activities leans through the RD.4. Assumes the duties and responsibilities of the instal lation commander where that title is mentioned in U.S. Code or DOD or Army policies and regulations.5. Assumes the duties and responsibilities of the senior mission commander where that title is mentioned in Army regulations except for regulations involving operational duties and responsibilities. Mission commanders will retain operational duties and responsibilities.6. Unless prohibited by law or regulation, the SC may delegate, as necessary, assigned duties and responsibilities to the garrison commander (GC). Such delegation shall be made in writing and specifically state the duties and responsibilities so delegated and the landmark date of the delegation.7. Establishes installation priorities among all resident and supported units.8. Prioritizes base operations support consistent with HQDA priorities and approved common levels of support (CLS) bands.9. Oversees the CLS services and capabilities provided to customers. Ensuring that those services are provided within the HQDA guid ance, designated priorities, and approved CLS bands and coordinates with the IMCOM RD to change HQDA approved CLS from green, amber, or red.10. Approves and submits the installation master plan consistent with HQDA long-range plans and goals through the ACOMS, ASCCs or DRUs, and IMCOM. For IMCOM installations the SC collaborates with the IMCOM RD before the SC submits the installation master plan.11. Approves the military construction, Army (MCA) and military construction, Army Reserve (MCAR) project priority list at the installation level. For IMCOM installations the SC collaborates with the IMCOM RD before the SCapproves the MCA and MCAR project priority list for the installation. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers executes MCA/MCAR projects for the Army.12. Reviews and approves the prioritization of Family and installation programs. For IMCOM installations the SC collaborates with the IMCOM RD before the SC approves Family and installation programs for the installation.13. Installa tion force protection (FP) is as follows (a) Continental United States (CONUS) SC as directed by U.S. Army North (USARNORTH) and in coordination with the installation management headquarters (IMCOM and Non- IMCOM), oversees FP on the installation (b) outside Continental United States (OCONUS) SC in coordination with the ASCC and IMCOM is responsible for FP oversight on the installation.14. Is normally designated as a General Court-Martial Convening Authority (GCMCA). The GCMCA orders will trap the appellate and review channels for SC GCMCA actions.15. The appellate and review authority for administrative actions taken by the SC pertaining to individual Soldiers and DA Civilians will flow through ACOM, ASCC, or DRU channels unless otherwise specified in Army regulations. The terms abutting superior authority, next higher authority, next higher commander, and next higher headquarters as used in other Army regulations, mean ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commander or headquarters.16. Serves as t he senior Army substitute to the surrounding community.17. Senior rates the GC.(b) Garrison commander. The GC is a military officer, lieutenant colonel or colonel, selected by HQDA. The GC commands the garrison, is the SCs senior executive for installation activities, is rated by the IMCOM RD, and is senior rated by the SC. The GC is responsible for day-to-day operation and management of installations and base support services. The GC ensures that installation services and capabilities are provided in unison with HQDA AR 60020 18 March 2008 7directed programs, SC guidance, CLS, and IMCOM guidance. The GC provides additional service support in accordance with HQDA directives and provides reimbursable services in accordance with memorandum of understanding or agreement (MOU/MOA). The GC is responsible to deliver Family andinstallation programs, coordinates and integrates the delivery of support from other service providers, and obtains SC approval of the installation master plan. Th e GC may be appointed as a Summary Courts-Martial Convening Authority or the superfluous Courts-Martial convening authority for the installation and its support area in rare cases the GC may be appointed as GCMCA. In some cases, the senior official on an installation may be the garrison manager. A garrison manager (the civilian equivalent of a GC has the same responsibility and authority as the military counterpart with the exception of UCMJ and command authority. Prior to the appointment of the garrison manager, command and UCMJ authorities for the garrison will be specified. The GC responsibilities are1. Represents the Army and the installation in the surrounding community as directed by the SC. 2. Approves and issues garrison policies in accordance with respective Army regulations, or installation level policies involving tenant units as directed by the SC.3. Approves and issues policies for IMCOM civilian workforce.4. Develops and implements the Force Protection Program.5. Supp orts mobilization station requirements.(c) The ACOM, ASCC, or DRU on IMCOM managed installations.1. Provide to IMCOM a prioritized list of MCA/MCAR projects and requirements that impact subordinate units to support the development of the military construction (MILCON) program and the program objective memorandum.2. Provide IMCOM with subordinate mission priority requirements for MILCON and base operations.3. Identify to IMCOM, through the CLS process and other requirements development processes, the required levels of garrison support needed to meet mission requirements. Also, identify to IMCOM any support requirements not included in CLS services. Collaborate with IMCOM in developing garrison support requirements that are applicable to all garrisons.4. Evaluate the effectiveness of installation services and support and participate in the prioritization of these services and support.5. Responsible for mobilization of subordinates as specified in AR 1087. 6.Provide prioritization req uirements for information technology and training enabler support to IMCOM. 7. Responsibilities for FP are (a) OCONUS The Geographic Combatant commander exercises Combatant Command (Command Authority) (COCOM) authority over all aspects of FP in the AOR and delegates authority for FP as deemed appropriate and necessary. This includes all aspects of FP on Army installations without exception (b) CONUS Commander, USNORTHCOM has tactical control (for FP) over all DOD personnel and assets in the AOR. USARNORTH is designated as USNORTHCOMs ASCC the authority to execute the FP mission in CONUS is delegated from Commander, USNORTHCOM(1) USARNORTH has direct command and control authority over commands when executing FP responsibilities for installations/facilities (FP reporting commands/SCs when executing FP responsibilities for installations/facilities) (2) USARNORTH has a supported/ keep relationship with commands not executing responsibilities for installations/facilities (FP supporting c ommands). (d) Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management. The ACSIM is the proponent for all Army installations and in this capacity is responsible for installation policy development and implementation Armywide. The ACSIM does not exercise command authority over Army installations.1. The ACSIM ensures that real property accountability and reporting is implemented at all installations (see AR 40545).2. The ACSIM manages HQDA level MILCON in accordance with HQDA priorities and guidance.3. The ACSIM is the proponent for environmental policy Armywide. (e) Installation Management Command. The ACSIM is dual-hatted as the Commander of IMCOM. IMCOM is a DRU reporting to the ACSIM as described in AR 1087. IMCOM manages Army installations assigned to it. IMCOM executes installation readiness missions, provides equitable services and facilities, optimizes resources, sustains the environment, and enhances the well-being of the military community. IMCOM is accountable for the efficien t delivery of installation services and support. The IMCOM is responsive to ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs through a supporting to supported relationship.1. IMCOM commands the garrisons assigned to it.2. IMCOM and its subordinate organizations are supporting commands to the SCon IMCOM installations. There is a requirement for a strong collaborative relationship between the SC and the IMCOM RD. The SC commands the installation but funding of almost all installation activities flows through the RD.3. The relationship between IMCOM and the commands of tenant organizations is same to the supporting to supported command relationship described in Joint Doctrine.4. The IMCOM RD rates the GC.5. IMCOM ensures compliance with HQDA directed programs and CLS bands. IMCOM staffs and coordinates with 8 AR 60020 18 March 2008HQDA funding requests for garrison support requirements identified by ACOM, ASCC, or DRUs that are not included in CLS services.6. There is a difference between command relationship in CONUS and OCONUS for IMCOM installations. These relationships are depicted in figure 21..

Summary of Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell Essay Example for Free

Summary of Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell EssayGladwells Outliers scooped with the introduction of the Roseto Mystery in which he presented the facts and findings of the physician, Stewart Wolf on how the Rosetans lived a liveliness differently from Americans living in the city. Evidences and findings on how the Rosetans have a better life and little cases of heart diseases was non only due to the atmosphere of the view, the things they do, or the food they eat but simply the way Roseto is in which community greeted each other, go to church every day, and their strong family ties. In the first chapter, The Matthew Effect, we whitethorn glean from it the idea or phenomenon of the rich becomes richer while the poor becomes poorer. He mentioned about observations on the birth dates of Canadian hockey players and the eligibility of children to participate in early days hockey leagues. This was deemed central as it was a factor that would determine a childs strength and ability o n hockey since they were commensurate to start earlier and they are most akinly to be the ones to belong in the elite team in the future. Despite of the fact that birth date is an important factor, an individuals own skill is really the key to reach the top.In the second chapter, The 10,000-Hour Rule, Gladwell presented that to become truly a master of something, an individual moldiness undergo 10,000 hours of practice and mastery on a particular skill which is like doing 20 hours of work a week for 10 years. He cites examples like K. Anders Ericssons study at an elite Academy of Music in Berlin. The study was conducted on seeing the potential of music students by dividing them into three groups base on the potential they could see in them. According to the study, those students who belong in the elite/star group practiced more hours than the others thats why by the age of twenty, these group of quite a little forget probably achieved mastery as they have totaled ten thousand h ours of practice.Gladwell also mentioned the advantage of Bill exult as he was a genius, and devoted time on computers and programming. Other examples were how the Beatles achieved the 10,000 hours rule due to the number of concerts and performances that they did. He also mentioned how William Henry Bill render achieved the 10,000 hours rule and it was not only that. According to his interview with Gates, he paved his way to succeeder not only because of his penchant for computers but also of the opportunities undetermined to him during his lifetime.In the third and fourth chapter, The Trouble with Geniuses Parts 1 2, it was mentioned that being a genius is not enough to determine whether a person will truly be successful. He mentioned the story of Christopher Langan, a man with an IQ of 195 (higher than Einstein because he only had 150). Despite of Langans skills, he was not able to reach a high take aim of success because of the lack of opportunities and there is no one in his life to lead him to a higher level of success.In the fifth chapter, The Three Lessons from Joe Flom, presented three lessons according to Flom on how a person could achieve success. Lesson 1 The Importance of Being Jewish presents how Jewish multitude were exposed to work at an early age especially when it comes to clothing that lead them to their success in business. Lesson 2 Demographic Luck shows us how billet can determine your place e.g. a place rich with gold and minerals possible for putting up a mining industry vs. a place with little natural resources. Lesson 3 Garment Industry and Meaningful Work presents how hard work is definitely an important factor to success. ReflectionLooking at Gladwells observations, collection of ideas and stories from people about attaining success or being successful in life made me realize that one factor is not enough to be successful. According to the book, the date of birth, place of birth, how the individual was nurtured, social influ ences, interests, devotions, intellectual abilities, talents, etc are some of the many factors that determine ones successGoing back to Frank Lynchs article on Social Acceptance Reconsidered, I realized that some of his points like Pakikisama is one of the factors that could serve well one become successful. Looking back at Chris Langans story, he wasnt able to attain a higher level of success because he didnt have someone to help him which means he lacks the value of Pakikisama. Lets look at this most successful business people not only in the Philippines but in the whole world achieve success not only by themselves but because of their partners or people who backed them up. Bill Gates too is one example since he had Paul Allen in putting up Microsoft Corporation. It is because of the value of Pakikisama that people achieve success because at times, we cannot accomplish things by depending only on ourselves.Thinking about the Philippines, I think that the ideals in the book, when applied can truly help our ground towards development and prosperity. The Philippines is a country laden with a lot of natural resources which means that we possess the demographic luck. We also have some good universities that prove some of the brightest Filipinos that we have today. If only the Philippines would increase the way it encourages people and seek peoples potentials even at a young age, then we whitethorn be able to predict what we should mold our future human resources into so that by after 10 years on refining themselves on their elect field, they could possibly achieve the 10,000 hours rule and achieve mastery on their field.

The Similarities Between Victor And The Monster English Literature Essay

The Similarities Between sea captain And The junkie English Literature EssayThroughout the development of English literature there are often times when rival enemies inadvertently share striking similarities between one other, a situation clearly analyzed between Victor and the Monster in Mary Shelleyscaptivating novel, Frankenstein. The vivid similarities between the two tragic characters are driven by their dreary isolation from the secluded world, which refuses to behave those who are different into society, by hatred, and most importantly by the absence of stickly figures in some(prenominal) Victors and the Monsters lives. As Victor had stated, I seemed to have befogged all soul or sensation but for this one pursuit. (Shelley, 38) as he described that he wooly all touch with the world repayable to his work. Perhaps even the old saying homogeneous father, like son can inevitably describe the flawless resemblances between the two seemingly lost characters. However, regar dless of even some of the slight differences the two may portray, when comparing their experiences and human-like actions, it is clear that their similarities are undoubtedly proven and reflected upon throughout the novel.The ironic isolation with the ministration of the world that the two characters undergo plays a major role in contributing to their powerful comparison. Both figures seem to strongly despise one another yet strangely enough, they both also despise themselves for their wrong and disastrous actions. The isolation began with Victors decision to separate himself from the rest of society when he become please with his scientific research and experiments. And the same feelings which made me neglect the scenes around me caused me also to forget those friends who were so many miles absent, and whom I had not seen for so long a time. (Shelley, 40) As for the Monster, he detaches himself and becomes a frantic outsider when he realizes his appearance except drives those wh o he cares for most, further away from him. However, the Monsters isolation is based more(prenominal) on appearance rather than his decisions and work, for his deformed structure and frightening face are his greatest agonies. When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. Was I, a Monster, a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men dis ingested? (Shelley, 98) Lastly, looking past the text one can see that both characters desire to play their own cards on life, taking it away and bringing it back whenever they want. Victor is prepared to bring life to the dead patch the Monster on the opposite hand, is willing to take away life from the living out of rage and misfortune. Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should archetypical break through, and pour a torrent of light into our dark world. (Shelley, 37) In a tragic twist, both of these deprived characters have been isolated, abandoned, and have simply became outcasts of invest society.Fam ily ties and vengefulness are truly one of the most significant aspects affecting the resemblance of both Victor and the Monster. At a young age, Frankenstein was left without his mother after her death and as a result, he never got to experience the true feelings of a mothers warm touch and love. She died calmlyit is so long before the object can persuade itself that she whom we saw every day and whose every existence appeared a part of our own can have departed forever and the beneficial of a voice so familiar and dear to the ear can be hushed, never more to be heard. (Shelley, 29) Just like Victor, in his own time, the Monster never got to experience not only the love of a mother but the love of a father as well. Without these two feelings the Monster was never able to understand what happiness might have truly meant. As a result, the want of these feelings in their lives caused the two to be driven with more rage then patience and love. Another likeness between Victor and the Monster is them both being very resentful. The Monster shows his dark-side when he decides to demolish the cottagers house, the only thing that expressed in him his affectionate human-like feelings. Moreover, Victor shows the same anger when he refuses and rejects the attempt to connect and understand the life of his creation. Perhaps it truly was the lack of love from ones mother and that from both of ones parents that caused the similarities in loneliness, anger and strive for revenge between the two main characters.Victor and his creation are two characters which disrespect of their differences still resemble a strong and vivid connection. These driven characters thrive for the same goals, feed of similar pain, and feel the same loneliness, remorse and isolation as one another. These similarities are so extreme that it is for no reason that most of the world recognizes the creature by the name of Frankenstein himself. Isolated by society, abandoned by their childhood figures, a nd driven by rage, Victor and the Monster may be more alike than we can simply prove.

Sound In Casablanca | Analysis

Sound In Casablanca AnalysisOne of the first kn give birth photographs, Casablanca, was acted by Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman and capital of Minnesota Henreid, directed by Michael Curtiz. The music of this picture visualize was do by Max Steiner. The sound is one and only(a) of the classic components in the movie because it shows the emotions of the actors as it also shows the magnificence of the scene. Moreover, the spoken language mustiness be one important thing that the editor must focus on because it shows the culture of the country where the story-p lap of the movie is happening. This movie tells a story of a man, Humphrey Bogart, who is trying to help the woman that he loved before by making her escape from Casablanca with her husband and continue the fleck against the Nazis oppression. This movie has different sound effect, dialogues and musical shadows.Firstly, sound effects in movie are some effects like rain and crashes that are gibeed to roll in the hay t he sense that is created by the camera, so the earshot will be able to understand the scene in detail. In this movie, there are a lot of sound effects that are added. The producer apply the rain in the scene where Ingrid was leaving with her husband and he used also in the extraction where she and Humphrey were running from the guards. The rain in these scenes gives a sense to the audience about the sadness and torture that the actors are feeling. Moreover, some scenes of this movie lay down some tied(p) dialogues. The fastened dialogues are usually used to give the sense to the dialogue how much it is important and urgent. Also, there are many tones used in this movie used by different characters. For example, in the end of the movie, we see that Humphrey and the police man are using a quiet and slow tone. This means that both of them are comfortable and happy with what just happened. In the scene before, we ignore see that the police man had other feelings by his tone. It w as faster and with graduate(prenominal) volumes which show the anger of the police man. Another example, Humphrey was using the low tone during the whole movie which shows his real personality. He is kind of calm and doesnt show his emotions to the people skirt him. On the other hand, Ingrid is the kind of women who gets stressed after a serious action happens. All of this is known from the tones that differ from a low to a high pitch. From here, we would have covered the sound effects that are included in the movie with different characters.Secondly, one of the most important effects that is used in every movie and gives it more creativity, the music is used many times in the movie with many different types of modus operandiss that differ check to the type of the scene. In the introduction of the movie, we see that the music producer was using the low tone music according to the simple life that he was describing, and suddenly, he changed to high tone music when the police sta rted making the chase. After finishing the chase, he changed it back to a low tone pitch. This means that he was making the music according to the importance of the scene and what it is describing. Basically, he wants to emphasize the importance of the scene as to how serious the Nazis are with the unconditional assistance of the french when they are to apprehend wary characters in the movie. A particular song, that has been sportswomaned in the movie which is Knock on Wood by M.K. Jerome symbolizes a group chore song, where everyone takes part in vocalizing. The owner of the Caf, whom is played by Humphrey Bogart stage name as work, chose the right time and place to hide the transit letters under the song notes on the piano table, while Sam and the customers were singing in sync. In addition, Rick believed that Sams piano, is the only safe place to put the transit documents as he knows that the french and the Nazis are going to do whatever it takes to locate these transit doc uments. One important scene, that spurred a wait in many characters in the film, as they hold back the coming of Victor Laszlo Paul Henreid and his wife Ilsa Lund Ingrid Bergman, as they pass by Sams Piano, Sam plays in a low tune as he remembers the facial expression of Ilsa whom is an ex-lover to Rick , the owner of the Caf. This tells the audience that there might be a clash of old memories between Rick and Elsa, thus Sam looks the other representation and gets back to the high toned music that he usually plays. One of the best scenes, that I admired is when Ilsa, called Sam the pianist to come to the table and play for her one of the oldest love songs of all time which is known as As Time Goes By by Frank Sinatra. This song triggered great memories between Rick and Ilsa while they were together in Paris. This tells the audience, what a sentimental moment this is and this song fits right in as the lyrics provide an overview of their relationship while they were in Paris. In b etween the love scene memories that Rick and Ilsa are in, we can see that the only driver that broke apart those two lovers was the rumor that Victor Laszlo is alive. This important figure turns out to be Ilsas husband whom was sentenced to a German concentration camp while she was in love with Rick in Paris. The sound effects in this scene, alerts us as to how the German war mechanisms are rushing towards their target as they are coming to take over France starting with the capitol and expanding abroad. This shows the audience how fearsome the Germans are. Another example, at the end of the movie, he used high volume music with the fast kinetics of the characters. This shows how they are worried and want to experience as fast as they can. After that, when Ingrid and her husband escaped by the air flavourless and Humphrey started talking with the police man, he used a romantic song. This song shows us how they are happy by this end and hoping for the best in the future. Furthermore , in the scene where the couples were having a cup of coffee, there was no music at all, and then suddenly, a medium level song started with the scene that showed the reaction of the people. This song actually shows how the people are shocked by the air plane hovering Casablanca and its importance for them as to find exit visas to get out of Casablanca and get to America. The editor also used another type of music, the music that he used was sung by the actors. This kind of music gives the movie more reality. He used this type of music in the scene where the French and Nazi soldiers were singing their national anthem. Through this scene, the audience understands what at stake, hope, love and fight for our country against the Nazi Oppression. Furthermore, in the scene, you see how the Germans were silenced as the crowd grew larger for the French cause and Victor Laszlos stage figure made the Germans more angry as they felt intimidated by his patriotic actions and gathering a number o f people to stand against the Nazis. In this case, we can see that this type of music shows the emotions of the actors and how they are devoted towards their cause. Finally, at the last moments before the ending the film, when Victor and his wife Ilsa were fleeing to Lisbon via the transit documents provided by Rick, we can hear a high pitch volume, showing the intensity of the situation as the German Major Strasser is race to reach the airport to stop the plane from going airborne. In addition, while the couple was heading to the plane we can hear in the background As Time Goes By in a low tone. By this, we would have discussed the music of this movie with its different tones that made it more interesting.Thirdly, every movie has its own language that represents the culture of that place. Some movies use different languages according to mixture of the cultures in the movie. In this movie the editor used only English which is one of disadvantages in this movie. He was supposed to u se some French when the French soldiers are talking with each other. Furthermore, the spoken language that is used in the driveway must be Arab because the original people are Arab and most of them are working in the coffee shops and markets. There was only one scene where we have seen the people using their native language. This scene is when the two parts started singing their own anthem. In this case, it is logical to use those languages because a national anthem must be sung in this way or it will destroy the culture of that country. From these examples, we can see that the editor was not able to achieve the aspiration of using the languages in their place.Finally, we can that the movie was able to describe the emotions of the people in many scenes with different types of sounds. He used sound effects to add them to the scenes, so it will be able to show the emotions and feelings without making any disturbance to the audience. Moreover, he used music that is more important bec ause it make the audience expect what is going to happen next and also describe the importance of that scene in the movie. Also, there is the spoken language that was not used by the writer in an appropriate way because he used only English which is not used in that place at that time. By this, we can see that Casablanca can be classified as one of greatest movies of all time due to its sound effects, spoken dialogue and musical features that made it one of the best movies of all times.

Culture Stereotypes in Advertising

burnish Stereotypes in AdvertisingCase Study HSBC Eels AD consort to standard view, a nicety is a complex located of sh bed beliefs, values and concepts which enables a group to make sense of its own life and which provides it with directions for how to live. This set might be c eached a basic belief system. By internalizing a particular belief system and its attendant forms of feeling and interaction a person acquires the basic of his or her individuation element. A nicety penetrates its individual members affablely and fondly. This penetration produces in them their distinctive capacities and characteristics. In this holistic way identity is a intimacy of enculturation (cited in Holliday, Hyde and Kullman, 2004, pp.60-61)HSBC- a public limited company based at United Kingdom since 1993 in the expansion name of Hongkong and shanghais Bank Corporation. It is wholeness of the worlds largest banking groups. It has enomorous operational base and local branches all over the wo rld saying in their advert tagline HSBC-Worlds local Bank. The adverts somewhat the company and its services have get hold through distinctive since its establishment. The advertisements that come through have always been the representation of neither Chinese nor English culture or both for its promotional motility on idiot box. I would like to argue why the culture is represented in the context of stereotypical characteristics in the (Eels) HSBC advert.What process does stereotype involve? foyer (1997268) writes that stereotypes get hold of the few simple, vivid, memorable, easily grasped and widely recognized characteristic about a person, reduce everything about that person to those traits, exaggerate and simplify them, and deposit them without change or development to eternity. except stereotype both reflects and call forths particular perspectives, Osullivan, (Hall, 1997, cited in Holliday, Hyde and Kullman, 2004, p.126). With the help of Stuart Hall theory on stereotyp es, the representation of culture in the advertisements and its characteristics hobo be explained.In the HSBC Eels Advert, set in a Chinese restaurant where the English man is served a meal and the English custom conceptualise its a slur on your host victuals if you dont clear your plate and the Chinese generosity to fill up the plate until they be satisfied. In this publicizing both the culture is represented and especially the Chinese culture is portrayed in a stereotypical and in a comical way. Most of the HSBC Ads are interlinked with the representation of Chinese culture because of its brand from outlandish-of- origin. It is generally assumed that things go wrong because two cultural groups behave disparately, which makes converse between them problematic. So culture becomes negative term rather than a positive one. (Cited in Holliday, Hyde and Kullman, 2004, pp. 62)The ways in which we commonly understand the advertisements are the categories and concepts that are his torically and culturally specific. This authority that all the ways of understanding are historically and culturally relative in some way. Our current accepted ways of understanding the world, is a proceeds not of objective observation, but the social processes and interactions of the mass are still constant.There are always two ways of representation involved mental representation and public representation. Beliefs, intentions and preferences are mental representations and signal, utterances, texts and pictures are all public representations. Public representations are material oriented. Public representations are generally authority of communication between user and a producer distinct from one another. So these representations are used to serve the purpose of commodity by the producers through consumers.Culture identity Is it that collective or true self hiding inside many other, more superficial or artificially imposed selves which a people with a shared history and ancestr y hold in common (Hall, 1990). Above all in relation to the process of orbicularization, which I would argue are coterminous with modernity (Hall, 1996) and the process of forced and free migration which have become a global phenomenon of the so-called post-colonial world (Hall, 1996, pp. 3-4). The concept of identity is both theoretically and politically discoursed in the modern developed world. The definition of culture identity is always under ongoing changing process according to the culture variations in generation.Stereotypes are defined as social classification of particular groups and people as often highly simplified and generalised signs, which implicitly or explicitly represent a set of values, judgements and assumptions concerning their behaviour, characteristics or history. Stereotypes however, not only identify general categories of people, it similarly signifies national populations, classes, genders, occupation in a deviant groups. It also seems that we commonly ha ve stereotypical ideas about people on basis of their language accents.In the HSBC Eels ad the Chinese set of values, characteristics are portrayed as stereotypical, alike in the Guillin fisherman, Lantern, Ant energy, advertisements of HSBC. These stereotypical aspects are because of the brands country-of-origin effect. In terms of market discourses, it can be defined as the country which a consumer associates with a certain product or brand as existence its source, regardless of where the product is actually produced. Since the prior knowledge that a given country is associated with a certain brand ensures that exposure to the brand name triggers recall of that country and its attributes. It is important to point out that this experience may take actually consequent in a purchase, and it may in fact have nothing to do with any purchase decision whatsoever. It may take place strictly in the realm of experiencing and processing, consciously or subconsciously, advertizement messa ges about brands, countries and language to which individual is exposed every day (Cited in Kelly-Holmes, 2005, pp.29).In the perspective of language, it is a fundamental human activity through which we communicate our particular representation of the world. Cultural values and beliefs are transmitted from one member of a union to another and from one generation to another primarily through language. We can often see the structure of language that reflects the way that particular culture is viewed by this world and kinds of distinctions that are held to be important. Even in the HSBC Eels ad the language spoken by Chinese are suppressed by the English go over showing the great violence and prestigious. One language may be imposed and another suppressed by predominant power. In some situation, the power and dominance are portrayed to maintain their own variety, or move to a more extreme variety of their dialect, in order to emphasise the passing between themselves and the perso n or people they are talking to. In the UK, Advertisers draw on the ideas using country accents to indicate and advertise nature of food products or using more prestigious accent to promote financial services. Language as a form of representation, highlight power relations and promote particular perspectives like advertisements for commodities.A sense of cultural identity is often centred on a particular language and speakers perceptions of the connection between the languages they use and that identity is well supported. Language is always used as a medium of communication in ethnic majorities and groups that hold social and political power. The knowledge the advetisee has about these relationships and about common sense assumptions in the advertisements is acquired through experiencing the particular habitus on an everyday basis.Consumerization or socialization into consumer society happens, primarily through framework and through language. It is worth keeping in mind here that a dvertising messages are simply explicit. It encompasses a whole range of texts and objects, such as toys, books, television programmes, packaging and so forth. Consequently, the employment of foreign words in advertising has the potential to create in groups and out groups and contribute both directly and indirectly to societal attitudes to languages and trilingualism.Multilingual advertising communication is, in this book, defined as the look of a number of different languages or voices in a market-discourse situation. This appearance may be minimal, consisting of only one word, or it may be fairly extensive, consisting of entire texts or blocks of text. The word may come from an entirely different language of the medium of text within which they appear, or they may be familiar, coming from his/her everyday linguistic repertoire (Kelly-Holmes, 2005, pp.25).Even in the HSBC Eels ad, it is a bilingual communication of advertising, initially the Chinese chattering and followed by t he voice over of the English dominantly suppressing to show power, so the purpose of commodity serves the specific culture. The effects of multilingual advertising on the other hand, have the effect of reinforcing this monolingualism by making speakers of another language the object of humour in advertising and by constructing them as an out group. In all cases, however, the examples of multilingual advertising communication discussed in the following chapter have two things in common they are driven by the market, and have meaning within the context of the society and culture imposed on the market and they do not permit a purely monolingual communication experience. (Kelly-Holmes, 2005, pp.25).Even the music plays significant role in the culture representation and identity. The issue is not how a particular piece of music or a performance reflects the people, but how it produces them, how it creates and constructs an identity in particular television ads. In most of the HSBC advert the traditional Chinese folk music impart be played as back ground music so as in the Eels advert, again which is a stereotype representation of culture identity.The social categories or labels of identity are frequently imposed on some groups by others, who may be in a more powerful flummox than they are. Your social identity is not something you can always determine on your own, it is by how others perceive you. In the west representations of ads will very largely do to the public demand. So they show the power of dominance in a multilingual advertisement through their accents and performance suppressing the other culture. Here the Chinese culture in Eels ad is portrayed in an innocent and comical way and English culture in a decent and dominant behaviour being the product, country-of-origin in china. Most of the multilingual ads are being portrayed on their own cultural demands. Beside cultural beliefs and ideals apply to people in differential positions of power. Moreover a result of norms and ideals result from histories of struggle in which significant voices are silenced.In an International advertising, Cultural objects may be made into saleable products. For e.g. the country houses may be sold as a second home for the urban. So cultural products are from other places can be marketed in global supermarket. This may include foods, drink, dance, music, sport, and holidays abroad just about all consumable things.Applying Marxs idea to the use of foreign or other language in advertising today, the use-value of languages can be seen to have become obscured by their exchange or symbolic value. The use-value of the language can be equated with its referential function, its utility as a means of communication The language appears to achieve value independently and this value is not the product of its communicative, but rather of its symbolic value in process of advertising communication (Kelly-Holmes, 2005, Pp.24).Why does English deserve special treatment ? For many people in the world, it is simply foreign language, other or second language, so its contribution to multilingual advertising communication is massive and has a huge effect. English is presented as both an inevitable consequences of the marketization of such economies, and, at the same time, almost one of the driving forces behind the transition to market economy.There can be no doubt that we absorb the messages around us about the media and culture, we are in project the illusion. There is also no doubt that today the media is a very powerful tool for those who want to control society and to remove ideas and products to its members. The representation of media is more political in that, it is controlled by external bodies that offer images and understandings in an influenced way for us to consume.At the conclusion I would like to total my points that the media plays a significant role in representing culture and their identities. There is always a personal demand for a particular culture to denote oneself dominant even in the multilingual, intercultural communication. The HSBC ads are a good example of how the Chinese culture is represented as a stereotype in almost all of their advertisements against the dominant English culture in a Bi-lingual advertisement. Language also plays an equally important role in showcasing their own particular culture and identity and the usage of foreign language produces advantages and disadvantages. Thus in a way these adverts are served for the purpose of commodity and personal demand of representing their culture in power and dominant style.

The Modeling of Salt Water Intrusion Essay -- Encroachment Science Ess

The Modeling of sodium chloride Water IntrusionWhat is Salt Water Intrusion? Salt weewee supply misdemeanour, or encroachment, is defined by Freeze and Cherry (1979) as the migration of salt water into fresh water aquifers under the influence of groundwater development. Salt water intrusion becomes a problem in coastal areas where fresh water aquifers are hydraulically connected with seawater. When large amounts of fresh water are reclusive from these aquifers, hydraulic gradients encourage the flow of seawater toward the pumped well or wells. Salt water intrusion is a problem that affects coastal areas around the world. Groundwater Problems in Coastal Areas (Custodio, 1987) is an excellent reference for more information on global salt water intrusion problems, while Atkinson (1986) details salt water intrusion problems for the coastal areas of the United States. Why is it a Problem?The encroachment of salt water into fresh water supplies has become cause for concern within the proceed century as populations in coastal areas have risen sharply and placed greater demands on fresh groundwater reserves. Salt water intrusion causes many a(prenominal) problems in these areas, perhaps the most severe being the limitation of potable imbibition water. Drinking water standards established by the EPA in 1962 require that drinking water contain no more than 500 mg/L of total suspended solids (TSS), a common measure of salinity (Atkinson, 1986). Seawater contains or so 30000 mg/L of TSS. Therefore, it is evident that even a small amount of seawater can cause drinking water problems when mixed with fresh water reserves. Also, salinity in irrigation water can be detrimental to agriculture, reducing yields and killing crops with low tolerances to salt. In some... ...t Modeling of the Flow Through Porous Media. OWRT-C-4026(9006)(4). blot of Water Resources and Technology, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. Washington, DC. March, 1975. Christensen, B.A., Mathematical Method s for Analysis of Fresh Water Lenses in the Coastal Zones of the Floridian Aquifer. OWRT-A-032-FLA(1). Office of Water Research and Technology. U.S. Dept. of the Interior. Washington, DC. Custodio, E., and Llamas, M.R. Hidrologia Subterranea. Ed. Omega, Barcelona. 1976. Custodio, E. (prepared by). Groundwater Problems in Coastal Areas. A contribution to the outside(a) Hydrological Programme. 1987. Freeze, R. A. and J. A. Cherry. Groundwater. Prentice Hall, Inc. 1979. Jenkins, S. R. and R. K. Moore. Effect of Saltwater Intrusion on Soil Erodibility of Alabama Marshlands. Water Resources Research Institute, Auburn University, Auburn, Al. 1984.

Civil War Essay -- American History Civil War

The election of Lincoln, secession of the in the southern states and the Confederate States of America Constitution set the stage for the bloodiest and saddest war in American history. Before the Civil War even began the nation was divided into four very distinct regions Northeast, Northwest, Upper south and the Southwest. With two fundamentally different struggle systems, slavery in the south and wage labor in the North, the political, economic and social changes across the nation would show the takes of the North and the South. The civil war was base on the abolitionists ideas of emancipation and liberation of slavery the North wanted the war in order to create a society without slavery. The Norths aggression to control the south lead to the where were it was no longer tolerable for the South. With the election of the anti-slavery Republican Abraham Lincoln, the southern states decided they had to take drastic action in order to protect their witness interests. The south had been waiting for an excuse to secede form the union, the election of Lincoln by the North was their chance. The Northern abolitionists states were mainly responsible for the Civil war in many political, social and economic aspects. Politically, the Northerners contributed immensely to the opening of the Civil War. John Browns Raid at Harpers Ferry made the south believe the Northerners had a substantial scheme to ban slavery. The South wondered how or why they would remain in the Union when a murderous gang of abolitionists were running around. Southerners also believed that this violent abolitionists view was a common one shared by the entire North. This act of the North made the South resent the Norths pushy ways and begin to cypher of leaving the Union. The Dred... ...nt to the south to free the slaves from their masters and the metro Railroad that secretly moved slaves from safe house to safe house until they were in Canada, tremendously ferocious the South. They realized t hat they needed to fight in order to get the independence they wished for, so then there could therefore do what they wished. Politically, the North further stock split the views on issues and developed more laws against slavery in the South. Socially the North strengthened their own cause in the because of things like Uncle Toms cabin that lead to Northerners forming the Underground Railroad. Economically, the South was crushed with protection tariffs that emptied out southern pockets. The North most definitely contributed to the Political, Social and Economic issues that divided and angered the country in the conviction before 1861 eventually leading to Civil War.