Monday, September 30, 2019

Tree Paper

Which is the correct symbol for the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in a specified configuration? C) VS. Longitudinal dynamic instability in an airplane can be Identified by B) pitch oscillations becoming progressively steeper True course measurements on a Sectional Aeronautical Chart should be made at a meridian near the midpoint of the course because thee C) angles formed by lines of longitude and the course line vary from point to point. Regulations which refer to â€Å"operate† relate to that person who C) causes the aircraft to be used or authorizes Its useTo act as pilot In command of an aircraft operated under 14 CUFF part 91, a commercial pilot must have satisfactorily accomplished a flight review or completed a proficiency check within the preceding C) 24 months Each required flight crewmen is required to keep his or her shoulder harness fastened A) during takeoff and landing, unless he or she is unable to perform required duties To increase the rate of turn and at the same time decrease the radius, a pilot should A) increase the bank and decrease airspeed. Dashed lines on a Surface Analysis Chart, if depicted, indicate that the pressure gradient is B) weak.One of the most dangerous features of mountain waves is the turbulent areas in and C) below rotor clouds. Weather Advisory Broadcasts, including Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWE), Convective Signets, and Signets, are provided by C) Arts on all frequencies, except emergency, when any part of the area described Is within 150 miles of the airspace under their Jurisdiction. Which Is the best technique for maligning the wing-load factor when flying In severe turbulence? C) Set power and trim to obtain an airspeed at or below maneuvering speed, maintain wings level, and accept variations of airspeed and altitude.The reason for variations in geometric pitch (twisting) along a propeller blade is that flight. What does good cockpit stress management begin with? A) Good life stress management The conditions most favorable to wave formation over mountainous areas are a layer of C) stable air at mountaintop altitude and a wind of at least 20 knots blowing across the ridge.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Genetically Modified Organism and Monsanto

  Does Monsanto maintain an ethical culture that can effectively respond to various stakeholders? Monsanto Company is trying to maintain an ethical culture with various stakeholders. The company used the concept of Social Responsibility and Business Ethics to create a reputation value to various stakeholders. For instance, Monsanto gave fifteen million dollars to Donald Danforth Plant Science Center to do crop research in Africa. Also, the fund helped Brazilian children to maintain good health and basic hygiene. Additionally, Monsanto supported students who want to study agriculture.However, Monsanto Company’s regulation had become financial burden to many farmers. Farmers who buy seeds from Monsanto could not saved for future plant. Otherwise, Farmers will have to pay for Monsanto when they find out. Furthermore, Monsanto produced products that involved in the risk of animals and human health. Some of Monsanto’s actions should considered moral temptation. #2. Compare the benefits of growing GMO seeds for crops with the potential negative consequences of using them. As the GM seeds introduced to the United States and across the globe since 1990, many farmers stopped complaining failure of crops.This had helped farmers spent little expenses, but gain as triple profits. Farmers who using GM seeds applauded the existence of Monsanto Company, because with the same acre of land, they are able to double the crops. Thus, as far as the farmers are making profits, they will continue buying the GM Seeds. For this reason, there is a major concerned for consumer that the GM seeds could affect human and animals’ health for using it. However, the FDA clarified that â€Å"biotech crops are safe to use†, but critics’ doubt about the short-term period of GM seeds which unable to determined the long-term effects.3. How should Monsanto manage the potential harm to plant and animal life from using product such as Roundup? Monsanto Officials wan ted to calm the situation. They clarified to the critics that EPA has been studies and approved for Roundup Ready. Environment and human health won’t get effective. The company also defends that even though â€Å"1% of glyphosate contaminate ground water, it is soluble and will not have much effect on aquatic species† (P. 307). Reference Ferrell, O. C. , Fraedrick, J. , Ferrell, L. , (2008), Business Ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. Boston, MA: Houghton Miffin Company

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Effects of different corticosteroids on the immune system Research Paper

Effects of different corticosteroids on the immune system - Research Paper Example The glucocorticoids are used in replacement therapies for various inflammatory diseases, in severe allergic reactions such as asthma, in the management of some autoimmune disorders and in some cancers as well (Howland, Mycek, Harvey, Champe, & Mycek, 2006). The therapeutic role of corticosteroids has expanded since their first application for the treatment of reheumatoid arthritis in 1949 (Doan, Melvold, & Waltenbaugh, 2005). Different therapeutic corticosteroids are available for replacement therapies, and they play an important immunosuppressive role by mediating the adaptive and innate immune cells of our body. Cortisol is the basic and fundamental glucocorticoid produced in the human body. The three main functions for which corticosteroids are widely used therapeutically include their use as anti-inflammatory agents, for suppression of the immune system, and as a replacement therapy for replacing the hormones not produced at normal levels by the body (NHS Choices, 2013). The prod uction of cortisol reaches its peak during the early morning followed by a drop and then again a peak, relatively smaller, in the late afternoon. Cortisol has various body functions. It promotes the production of glucose and protein catabolism and the degradation of lipids by lipolysis. Cortisol increases the body’s resistance to stress by elevating the blood glucose levels, which helps in more energy production, and fighting stress situations such as cold, trauma, infections, fright, and bleeding. Cortisol also plays an important role in decreasing the blood cell levels which include eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. This particular action is important in the treatment of leukemia. The lowering of peripheral lymphocytes and macrophages also helps in mediating an anti-inflammatory action. Cortisol increases the production of growth hormone (Howland et al., 2006). The immunosuppressive action of corticosteroids is used in the treatment of many autoimmune diso rders such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematous, and rheumatoid arthritis. Corticosteroids are also helpful in treating several renal autoimmune diseases such as nephrotic syndrome (Doan, Melvold, & Waltenbaugh, 2005). Numerous corticosteroid preparations are used for therapeutic purposes. Hydrocortisone is used as a topical preparation or in an injectable form. The injections are given to reduce inflammation in joints and tendons of affected individuals. Dexamethasone is used in acute conditions such as severe breathing allergic reactions, and is utilized mainly in the intravenous form. Prednisolone is used in several autoimmune conditions and allergic reactions and is available in suppository form, injections and as oral tablets. Fludrocortisone’s fundamental usage is for Addison’s disease, in which there is a deficiency of normal body steroid production (NHS Choices, 2013). Cortef contains hydrocortisone and is readily absorbed from the gastroi ntestinal tract. It has a wide variety of indications including rheumatic disorders, adrenal insufficiency, SLE, dermatological conditions such as psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, allergic conditions such as asthma, serum sickness, rhinitis, drug hypersensitivity reactions, ophthalmic diseases such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, optic neuritis, haematological diseases such as acquired haemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic

Friday, September 27, 2019

The difference between the rules governing deductibility of expenses Essay - 1

The difference between the rules governing deductibility of expenses under ITTOIA - Essay Example The United Kingdom rules on the deductibility of business expenses are underscored by some principles which derived from statutory rules applied based on case laws. Basically, what this means is that only expenses that are entirely and proximately incurred in or connected with the aid of earning an income that is a business-oriented process would be liable to tax deduction if there is no prohibitions as provided for by public policy or applicable statutory rules. In the same manner, expenses that are not on revenue account and are capital in nature or those which are considered to be a profit distribution or division are not allowed. Several case laws exemplify the court approach with the task of setting out rules that underpins the application of principles that would determine the deductibility of expenses on business matters. The decisions taken from the Court of Appeals and the House of Lords have formed into 4 basic rules. Firstly, it should be established that the outlays, which are relevant, should have been incurred for the trade’s benefit, not that of the trader. Likewise, the question on whether or not the mentioned outlays were wholly incurred for trade purposes is a factual question based on court evidence.

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 161

Summary - Essay Example to involve the OSHA under the cooperation program, Voluntary Protection Program (VPP), that encourage training and union reputation to keep worker injuries at a minimal rate, given that organizations are usually too focussed on their products and services to attend to the safety concerns of workers (Maguire 46). This action plan will involve all the major functions of the organization. A statement of conditions will be made. This is a guideline on the measures to be taken in case of safety emergencies. On the grounds and equipment, the material and equipment used in the production will be upgraded to modern standards so as to avoid safety violation. Modern equipment is computerized and safer because activities that are sensitive and risky are carried out by the machines instead of workers who are prone to error, one of main causes of accidents. The working condition of the equipment and materials is essential in ensuring the safety of the workers. Managers from the moulding, maintenance, and the assembly departments will be important in ensuring that the regular checks are made on the equipment to ensure the working condition is up to standard. To ensure the safety of employees, all the safety policies including the safety regulations, including the OSHA regulation will be incorporated, and those in contempt will be punished. A strict drug policy will be incorporated to ensure the safety of the workers and their colleague. This policy will apply to all the members of XYZ from the highest rank to the lowest rank. Risk assessment schedules will be conducted regularly in each department. The General Manager will demand consistent assessments regarding the activities of the workers and the conditions of the working environment. In implementing the action plan to raise the safety standards of the workplace, the management will initiate a multi-stakeholder plan to streamline the safety efforts of all the players. This will entail improving the both employee and

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Anaesthetic nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anaesthetic nursing - Essay Example A litre bag of Hartman was also started. The spinal anaesthesia was performed in the sitting position at L4/L5 with 2.4mls of bupivacaine 0.5% in hyperbaric dextrose solution of â€Å"Heavy Marcaine†. Immediately following the spinal block, the patient was put back in the supine position, and the operating table altered with left lateral tilt to diminish aorto-caval compression. About 3 minutes later the patient’s blood pressure fell to 103/56mmhg which was the first sign of the effect of spinal anaesthesia. As the medical team was waiting for the spinal to take full effect, the blood pressure further dropped to 86/51mmHg. The patient also complained of nausea and â€Å"not feeling well† and experienced progressive difficulty to breathe. The features that need to be considered are the increasing hypotension that she has suffered, the progressive difficulty in breathing and the nauseous feeling with general unease. sophisticated equipment along with the advantage of developed techniques. Operations are being performed on an ambulatory basis with advanced technologies to meet the demands of a busy environment (Tarkkila 2007). Providing anaesthesia without complications ensures a high degree of satisfaction. However the potential risk is a failure of spinal anaethesia due to incorrect needle placement unlike the other anaesthetic methods where the risk of failure is low. Haemodynamic complications are also possible. Hypotension is one such event which occurs due to the cardiovascular side effects (Tarkkila 1991). The hypotension is a normal physiological effect but it can turn into a complication if the level falls low enough to cause problems. The blood pressure at which interventions are necessary to correct the hypotension has not been decided yet. Clinical judgement by the anaesthesiologist is the method to decide the point to intervene (Tarkkila 2007). Spinal anaesthesia produces a fast, effective and high quality sensory and motor block of the

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Compare ICD-9 to ICD-10 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compare ICD-9 to ICD-10 - Assignment Example There are instances where new codes have been allocated to different chapters, a factor that hinders location of all available codes. In contrast, the new edition is arranged in such a manner that character length is increased, which highly extends the quantity of available codes (Lazakidou, 2006). Its structure, flexibility, and capacity are up-to-date to capture the medical experience and technological advances. The content conveyed by the two codes is dissimilar. ICD-9 codes contain at least 3-5 digits that begin with either a letter or a number. ICD-10 codes comprise of seven digits. Some similarities can be identified in the two systems. Their organization tends to match, where both use a decimal after three characters. This means that anyone who is able to code ICD-9-CM qualifies to make a transition coding to ICD-10-CM. According to Lazakidou, the rules, conventions, and guidelines are also alike. The first three digits match with the ICD-9 code, with the third digit being followed by a decimal point. However, the digits after the decimal have a particular meaning. For instance, in surgical and medical guidelines, the digits that come later are specific to a surgical approach, body part, and other requirements for billing. Correspondingly, the ICD-10 codes follow suit with seven digits to represent diagnosis codes. The transition procedure from ICD-9 to ICD-10 will entail a conversion based on a forward and backward GEMs map offered by the CMS. There will be a process with one cluster being converted at a time to safeguard the clinical aim of the classification. Alternatively, codes may be transited through using consistent probability distribution, and the converted data be audited to validate the process (Lazakidou, 2006). ICD-9 and ICD-10 differ in sequencing, depending on the circumstances surrounding the encounter. For instance, it is notable that ICD-10 sequencing instructions for anemia

Monday, September 23, 2019

Spain The country, hertiages, the people , cullture etc.... total of 3 Essay

Spain The country, hertiages, the people , cullture etc.... total of 3 questions - Essay Example It is essential to learn how to adapt to changes we meet in another country. Such country as Spain has its own traditions, which can influence everybody who learns about it. For example, a person who learns Spanish traditions can learn how to conduct calm and comfortable life. The fact is that, for example, Americans, like to work and get results quickly. Spaniards do not like to hurry and devote more time to every issue. Also, Spaniards pay much attention to their cultural traditions, which are reflected in art. Thus every person can adopt this devotion to culture and art. Spaniards like to organize holidays and their way of life is usually merrier than the way of life of Americans. Leaning about Spain it is impossible not to adopt this way of life as Spaniards know how to enjoy life, while Americans devote their life to business. Moreover, the history of Spain shows that Spaniards are the unique nation that managed to change its political conditions seamlessly. Some facts from thei r history can serve as an example and teach learners to implement changes slowly and without stress. 2. Two Spains The Second Spain existed in 1931—1939 during the period of Revolution in Spain. The term â€Å"Two Spains† became relevant due to the influence this period imposed on Spain’s further development. ... Irreconcilable controversies about the past and future development of the country take place till nowadays. Spanish political geography is the direct consequence of the Civil War. On the one hand today’s Spain arouse affection. Its peaceful transfer from the dictatorship to democracy can serve as example. However, Spaniards know that not everything is so great in their country. The members of Royal Family have already forgotten when they crossed the borders of Basque Country for the last time. Obviously, they are not going to visit Catalonia – last time their visits were not successful as were accompanied by burning their photos and Spanish flags. Civil War became the part of the history, but its consequences are felt even now. The successors of rebels and republicans continue to dispute and these disputes are not going to finish (Cowans 26). 3. Democracy In the modern world democracy is crucial as it determines the welfare of the state. Every country tried to gain demo cracy, but not every state managed to gain it seamlessly. The majority of the countries in the world should have taken effort to gain democracy. The transfer to democracy in Spain is considered to be the most seamless in the world history. It happened after the death of Francisco Franco, who was the head of the country during 35 years. It is essential to mention that during the rule of Franco Spain was a so-called outlaw of the Western world. The limitations on visiting this country were spread on American citizens. The main thing is that Spanish nation was split after the Civil War in 1936-1939 and it seemed that it was split forever. Actually, this war was as cruel and bloody as Civil War in Russia. Alienation between the republicans and the members of Falanga were moving

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Microcavitation in Ultrasound Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microcavitation in Ultrasound - Essay Example 3). Two effects are produced by ultrasound upon biologic tissues, thermal changes and microcavitation (par. 3). The development of minute bubbles in the tissues due to application of ultrasound is called microcavitation (par. 3). In diagnostic procedure, the sound waves emitted by the machine penetrates the tissues in the body and reflected back to the machine that forms an image that can be viewed on the screen (Roberts, par. 2). The body imaging procedure that uses ultrasound in diagnosis is called ultrasonography (Wedro 2). Ultrasound is utilized in fetal imaging and other bedside procedures (e.g. assessment of abdominal pain) (2). It is used in diagnosis, screening and therapeutic purposes (1). Ultrasound has been particularly useful in obstetrics. Despite the bubbles produced during the procedure, there has been no confirmed study that microcavitation has negative impact upon insonated fetal cells; the manner of releasing the ultrasound can minimize adverse effect though (Predan ic, Chervenak, and Reece 117-18).

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Beginner Essay Example for Free

Beginner Essay Is each of the following an absolute pathname, a relative pathname, or a simple filename? a) Mile_co b) Correspond/business/milk_co c) /home/max d) /home/max/literature/promo e) .. f) Letter. 0210 2. List the commands you can use to perform these operations: a. Make your home directory the working directory b. Identify the working directory a. cd; b. pwd 3. If your working directory is /home/alex with a subdirectory named literature, give three sets of commands that you can use to create a subdirectory named classics under literature. Also give several sets of commands you can use to remove the classics directory and its contents. 4. The df utility displays all mounted filesystems along with information about each. Use the df utility with the –h (human-readable) option to answer the following questions. $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/hda1 1. 4G 242M 1. 1G 18% / /dev/hda3 23M 11M 10M 51% /boot /dev/hda4 1. 5G 1. 2G 222M 85% /home /dev/hda7 564M 17M 518M 4% /tmp dev/hdc1 984M 92M 842M 10% /gc1 /dev/hdc2 16G 13G 1. 9G 87% /gc2 a. How many filesystems are mounted on your Linux system? b. Which filesystem stores your home directory? c. Assuming that your answer to exercise 4a is two or more, attempt to create a hard link to a file on another filesystem. What error message do you get? What happens when you attempt to create a symbolic link to the file instead? Following are sample answers to these questions. Your answers will be different because your filesystems are different. . six; b. /dev/hda4; c. ln: creating hard link /tmp/xxx to xxx: Invalid cross-device link. No problem creating a cross-device symbolic link. 2 Answers to Even-Numbered Exercises 5. Suppose that you have a file that is linked to a file owned by another user. How can you ensure that changes to the file are no longer shared? 6. You should have read permission for the /etc/passwd file. To answer the following questions, use cat or less to display /etc/passwd. Look at the fields of information in /etc/passwd for the users on your system. . Which character is used to separate fields in /etc/passwd? b. How many fields are used to describe each user? c. How many users are on your system? d. How many different login shells are in use on your system? (Hint: Look at the last field. ) e. The second field of /etc/passwd stores user passwords in encoded form. If the password field contains an x, your system uses shadow password s and stores the encoded passwords elsewhere.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Dangers of Dual Relationships in Therapy

Dangers of Dual Relationships in Therapy Often, people who seek the help of a therapist are vulnerable in a number of ways, and the unique relationship of client and therapist is built on a great deal of trust and openness where a number of issues are exposed. This situation can often leave a patient or client feeling more vulnerable than ever before, and depression, anxiety, and other mental health concerns can easily cloud a clients judgment. Because the client-therapist relationship is a relationship of power, it is more important than ever that therapists do not give into seduction or sexual attraction that may exist for a client, and that sexual relationships with clients and patients not be allowed to develop. Although some studies have been done on the existence of client therapist sexual relationships, it is evident that many of the results of these surveys are unreliable due to the nature of the situation. Even when confidentiality is assured, many therapists are fearful of the repercussions of being exposed and are reluctant to divulge such information. Still, these studies confirm that sexual relationships still often do occur between therapists and clients, more frequently in male practitioners than females. Furthermore, these studies have also revealed that these kinds of relationships can be further detrimental to clients and patients who seek the help of professional therapists. Sexual relationships between counselors and clients has existed probably since the beginning of time, being noted as far back as the fifth century B.C., when the Hippocratic Oath originated, stating, â€Å"In every house where I come, I will enter only for the good of my patients, keeping myself far from all intentional ill-doing and all seduction, and especially from the pleasures of love with women and men.† However, recent studies and even court cases have confirmed that this phenomenon continues and in many cases, is further detrimental to the mental health of the clients who enter into these types of relationships. For clients who are dealing with issues related to domestic violence, abuse, rape, or incest, the abuse of trust and power that occurs with sexual client-therapist relationships can increase feelings of trauma and psychological distress, often triggering symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Even in clients who are not dealing with these kinds of issues, increased depression and anxiety can occur, and a patient who has been involved in a sexual relationship with a therapist is often more likely to attempt suicide and further resistant to additional treatment. Also, studies have revealed that sexual relationships between therapists and patients are frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction, feelings of emptiness and isolation, an impaired ability to trust, increased feelings of guilt, confusion regarding boundaries, and suppression of anger. Although these types of symptoms are not noted in every client who has been involved in a sexual relationship with a therapist, many of these symptoms were seen as common in clients who had engaged in this type of relationship. In short, therapy is the most successful when boundaries and trust of the client are not violated and a professional relationship is maintained, and in nearly every jurisdiction, it is the responsibility of the therapist to maintain this professional relationship. In fact, the legal consequences for therapists who do enter into a sexual relationship with a client can be severe in many states. In order for therapists and other mental health professionals to maintain their professional licenses, most states not only mandate that there be no sexual relationships with clients, but also that there is no sexual relationship with a former client as well. While in some states the requirement is that the client has not been a patient for at least two years, in others the guidelines stipulate at least five years. In addition, the mental health professional may be obligated to prove that the relationship is not exploitative in nature and that the client is fully capable of making their own decisions regarding the relationship. For therapists and mental health professionals who do engage in a sexual relationship with a client, the penalties can be severe. Not only can a therapist lose their professional license for such acts if the relationship is discovered, but they can also be sued for malpractice and violation of trust in many instances. Maintaining a professional relationship at all times is not only in the best interest of the client and their mental well-being, but also in the best interest of the practitioner and their professional reputation.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Restraint in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart Darkness

     Ã‚   "Restraint! I would have just as soon expected restraint from a hyena prowling amongst the corpses of a battle," comments Marlow as he questions why the hungry cannibals aboard his steamer hadn't gone for the white crew members (Conrad 43). "The glimpse of the steamboat . . . filled those savages with unrestrained grief," Marlow explains after recalling the cries of the natives seeing the steamer amidst a brief fog lift (Conrad 44). "Poor fool! He had no restraint, no restraint . . .a tree swayed by the wind," speaks Marlow of a slain helmsman amidst an attack by tribal savages (Conrad 52). "Mr. Kurtz lacked restraint in the gratification of his various lusts," says Marlow a few moments after he tells of his first glimpse of severed human heads fixed atop posts at the Inner Station (Conrad 58). Restraint. The word is used time and time again throughout the text. Acknowledging restraint and the lack thereof in characters as the story progresses in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness is paramount to any understanding of the work. The storyteller Marlow first believes that restraint is what separates civilization from chaos and society from savagery. As his journey into the heart of darkness progresses, however, he learns that such a conclusion is rash, and that there is far more to the matter than simply that. Literary critic Cedric Watts comments upon the ambiguity of the title of Heart of Darkness. In Watts' view, the phrase can mean both "the center of a dark" and "the heart which has the quality of being dark (54). This question regarding the title's meaning can have an answer when one considers restraint. Restraint goes hand in hand with rationality, which is associated with the brain. Lack of restraint can, ... .... New York: Penguin, 1999. Print. D'Avanzo, Mario. "Conrad's Motley as an Organizing Metaphor." Heart of Darkness. Edited by Robert Kimbrough. New York: Norton & Company, Inc., 1971. 251-253. Henrikson, Bruce. "Heart of Darkness and the Gnostic Myth." Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness: Modern Critical Interpretations. Edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 45-56. Joseph Conrad. 2012. Web 6 Nov. 2013. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/jconrad.htm. Ong,Walter J. "Truth in Conrad's Darkness." Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer. Edited by Harold Bloom. Broomall: Chelsea House Publishers, 1996. 59-62. Watts, Cedric. "Conrad's Heart of Darkness: A Critical and Contextual Discussion." Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer. Edited by Harold Bloom. Broomall: Chelsea House Publishers, 1996. 54-56.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Environmental Regulations as Non-Tariff Barriers Essay -- WTO Trade NA

Environmental Regulations as Non-Tariff Barriers The current debate about the dispute resolution of environmental regulations as non-tariff barriers is one that is hotly contested in the WTO. Compared to the European Union and NAFTA, the WTO’s mission, goals, diverse membership, and rule structure make it decidedly difficult to create decision rules for these disputes. This paper suggests criteria for dispute resolution of cases within Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and between WTO members. There are several different types of disputes likely to come before the WTO; they include direct trade restrictions on specific goods, product standards, process standards, and the use of eco-labeling. The policy suggestions put forth in this paper are rooted in GATT Article XX as well as basic principles of sovereignty and economic incentives. Perhaps most importantly, the dispute resolution criteria must be accompanied by international cooperation that facilitates the transfer of environmentally friendly technology an d promotes sustainable development. I. Background: Trade and the Environment Under the direction of the World Trade Organization, the global economy is gradually breaking down its barriers to trade. Agreements on the elimination of quantitative trade restrictions, tariff rate reductions, and the removal of export subsidies are well underway. The stampede of global economic integration cannot be ignored, and its progress is at the heart of WTO negotiation rounds. At the same time, there is an increasing amount of attention drawn to the consequences of trade liberalization on the environment. Environmental advocates worry that the lure of wealthy international markets encourages behaviors d... ... of Rule Development.† American Journal of International Law. April 1997, Volume 91, Issue 2, pp. 231-268. Steinberg, Richard H., ed. The Greening of Trade Law: International Trade Organizations and Environmental Issues. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2002. Switzer, Jacqueline V. Environmental Politics: Domestic and Global Dimensions. Third ed. Pp. 219-241; 295-310. New York: Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. Vogel, David. Trading Up: Consumer and Environmental Regulation in a Global Economy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995. Vogel, David. International Trade and Environmental Regulation. In Vig, Norman J. and Kraft, Michael E. (eds) Environmental Policy. Fourth ed. Pp. 350-369. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2000. World Trade Organization Committee on Trade and the Environment. http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/envir_e.htm

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Cyberspace and Internet Censorship Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive E

Cyberspace and Internet Censorship "Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace [the Internet], the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather" (Barlow 18). The Internet is a vast network of computers, both public and private, which spans the globe. Recently, there has been a movement by governments worldwide, and the United States government in particular, to remove content deemed inappropriate from the Internet. However, numerous factors such as: the abundance of less restrictive alternatives, the impossibility of applying American law and community standards to an international communications medium, the active choice required to access the Internet's resources, the violation of our constitutional rights which it entails, and the fact that it is the parent's and not the government's responsibility to protect children contradict this rash and poorly thought out idea. While censorship is intolerable in all its forms, it is especially odious, inappropriate, and unworkable when applied to the Internet, an international medium of free speech, information, and communication. The Internet began as a link between major universities and government computer centers to facilitate the sharing of information and allow certain universities to utilize the few existing supercomputing centers. With the advent and popularization of the personal computer and the increased use and development of modems, the size and capabilities of the Internet have exploded. The nature of the Internet is such that it is very difficult, if not impossible, to determine its size at a given mo... ...because they may inadvertently happen upon objectionable material. The resources of the Internet deserve the same treatment. Censorship is unnecessary and inappropriate with regards to the Internet. Numerous less-restrictive means of protecting the public, the global nature of the Internet, the active choice required to access the resources of the Internet, the fact that Internet censorship violates the First amendment, and the parental and personal nature of regulating the Internet all contradict the idea of Internet censorship. The Internet has the potential to revolutionize our society and bring us full into the information age. The information superhighway is not centuries or decades away, but just around the corner. Let us attempt to aid the growth of this technology and its respective culture in any way possible, and thus propel ourselves into the future.

Monday, September 16, 2019

To What Extent Does Cultural Background Influence Ones Perception of Human Beauty

To what extent does cultural background influence ones perception of human beauty? â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. † This famous quote simply expresses the universal concept of beauty has no intrinsic or definite meaning. From this, one can derive that beauty can be nothing more than the subjective perception of human individuals-it is all based on ones predilection and proclivity. However, it is not just to say that anything can be considered as beautiful, thus contradiction does not exist in perceptions of beauty. As one can see, there are certain guidelines to beauty. Whether it is the inner or outer beauty of a human being, the concept of beauty that society imposes is all shaped from general consensus. Then perhaps â€Å"Beauty is not one’s own, but a reflection of one’s culture†. Even though nothing can be defined as absolute beauty, due to the limitation ones cultural backgrounds created from the subjective nature of perception, Human beings in the end will still unite their perception of beauty to a universal degree of understanding. The rift in the perception of physical beauty between cultures can be placed on two ends of a spectrum. In both Western and Eastern Culture’s ideology of beauty, having a slender body is crucial to be considered as an attractive woman. However, as we shift our view to the third world countries in Africa, this measure takes a drastic turn and becomes weak and meaningless. In those countries where poverty and diseases are the plays a key role, plumpness-being the sign of health, wealth and fertility is the ideal beauty of a woman. Moreover, a culture’s own tradition of beauty cannot be overlooked. Padaung women of the Kayan people wear a special ornament called neck rings around the neck of an individual to create a visual appearance of a stretched long neck. This tradition of elongating necks to achieve beauty is probably not accepted by others. Furthermore, the influential power of media cultural also alters ones perception. The concept of beauty in men displayed by the Japanese pop idols with distinctly feminine features is also one of the rare occurrences in perception. Despite the range of different perception of beauty presented in varies cultural, they are all collided to establish one fact-that is to be accepted but the general consensus within their culture. However, speaking of acceptance, all the rift between culture’s perception of physical beauty are stirred together to create the universal acceptance of the inner beauty of mind and heart. â€Å"Beauty is only skin deep. †The acceptance of inner beauty goes beyond the subjective norms of beauty that varies between the different cultures one is exposed to. Gibran had concluded that â€Å"beauty is not in the face; beauty is a light in the heart†. When it comes to these values of love, compassion and moral code, humans’ emotion, conscience and perception are unified to form a common knowledge. As described in Plato's Philebus, the measure of beauty was structured and related to intelligence. One understands what is to be considered as a lovable person not only by their outward appearance but by tying the strings of the inner quality that one possess as well. With this commonality, the barrier of subjective beauty is broken down. As one gives and receives love on a daily basis, following the universal idea of moral code and intelligence, their perception is broaden to a degree of understanding that the â€Å"Miss Universe† Pageant† can be hosted based on this commonality beyond cultural differences. Therefore, one can say that the universal acceptance and emotion unifies the human belief of a beautiful person. Although the universal concept of beauty has no definite meaning and can alters from one perceiver to another. It can also be viewed that â€Å"human beauty is a reflection cultural perception and ideas of aesthetics and indigenous to that area†, but one cannot deny that the there are certain values built upon a common understanding. With this common understanding, the rift of perception between different cultures becomes narrower thus in the end, allowing ones perception of true beauty to be united to a universal degree of understanding.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

The Twilight Saga 3: Eclipse Chapter 15. WAGER

I STARED AT HIM FOR A LONG MINUTE, SPEECHLESS. I could not think of one thing to say to him. As he watched my dumbfounded expression, the seriousness left his face. â€Å"Okay,† he said, grinning. â€Å"That's all.† â€Å"Jake -† It felt like there was something big sticking in my throat. I tried to clear the obstruction. â€Å"I can't – I mean I don't . . . I have to go.† I turned, but he grabbed my shoulders and spun me around. â€Å"No, wait. I know that, Bella. But, look, answer me this, all right? Do you want me to go away and never see you again? Be honest.† It was hard to concentrate on his question, so it took a minute to answer. â€Å"No, I don't want that,† I finally admitted. Jacob grinned again. â€Å"See.† â€Å"But I don't want you around for the same reason that you want me around,† I objected. â€Å"Tell me exactly why you want me around, then.† I thought carefully. â€Å"I miss you when you're not there. When you're happy,† I qualified carefully, â€Å"it makes me happy. But I could say the same thing about Charlie, Jacob. You're family. I love you, but I'm not in love with you.† He nodded, unruffled. â€Å"But you do want me around.† â€Å"Yes.† I sighed. He was impossible to discourage. â€Å"Then I'll stick around.† â€Å"You're a glutton for punishment,† I grumbled. â€Å"Yep.† He stroked the tips of his fingers across my right cheek. I slapped his hand away. â€Å"Do you think you could behave yourself a little better, at least?† I asked, irritated. â€Å"No, I don't. You decide, Bella. You can have me the way I am – bad behavior included – or not at all.† I stared at him, frustrated. â€Å"That's mean.† â€Å"So are you.† That pulled me up short, and I took an involuntary step back. He was right. If I wasn't mean – and greedy, too – I would tell him I didn't want to be friends and walk away. It was wrong to try to keep my friend when that would hurt him. I didn't know what I was doing here, but I was suddenly sure that it wasn't good. â€Å"You're right,† I whispered. He laughed. â€Å"I forgive you. Just try not to get too mad at me. Because I recently decided that I'm not giving up. There really is something irresistible about a lost cause.† â€Å"Jacob.† I stared into his dark eyes, trying to make him take me seriously. â€Å"I love him, Jacob. He's my whole life.† â€Å"You love me, too,† he reminded me. He held up his hand when I started to protest. â€Å"Not the same way, I know. But he's not your whole life, either. Not anymore. Maybe he was once, but he left. And now he's just going to have to deal with the consequence of that choice – me.† I shook my head. â€Å"You're impossible.† Suddenly, he was serious. He took my chin in his hand, holding it firmly so that I couldn't look away from his intent gaze. â€Å"Until your heart stops beating, Bella,† he said. â€Å"I'll be here – fighting. Don't forget that you have options.† â€Å"I don't want options,† I disagreed, trying to yank my chin free unsuccessfully. â€Å"And my heartbeats are numbered, Jacob. The time is almost gone.† His eyes narrowed. â€Å"All the more reason to fight – fight harder now, while I can,† he whispered. He still had my chin – his fingers holding too tight, till it hurt – and I saw the resolve form abruptly in his eyes. â€Å"N -† I started to object, but it was too late. His lips crushed mine, stopping my protest. He kissed me angrily, roughly, his other hand gripping tight around the back of my neck, making escape impossible. I shoved against his chest with all my strength, but he didn't even seem to notice. His mouth was soft, despite the anger, his lips molding to mine in a warm, unfamiliar way. I grabbed at his face, trying to push it away, failing again. He seemed to notice this time, though, and it aggravated him. His lips forced mine open, and I could feel his hot breath in my mouth. Acting on instinct, I let my hands drop to my side, and shut down. I opened my eyes and didn't fight, didn't feel . . . just waited for him to stop. It worked. The anger seemed to evaporate, and he pulled back to look at me. He pressed his lips softly to mine again, once, twice . . . a third time. I pretended I was a statue and waited. Finally, he let go of my face and leaned away. â€Å"Are you done now?† I asked in an expressionless voice. â€Å"Yes,† he sighed. He started to smile, closing his eyes. I pulled my arm back and then let it snap forward, punching him in the mouth with as much power as I could force out of my body. There was a crunching sound. â€Å"Ow! OW!† I screamed, frantically hopping up and down in agony while I clutched my hand to my chest. It was broken, I could feel it. Jacob stared at me in shock. â€Å"Are you all right?† â€Å"No, dammit! You broke my hand!† â€Å"Bella, you broke your hand. Now stop dancing around and let me look at it.† â€Å"Don't touch me! I'm going home right now!† â€Å"I'll get my car,† he said calmly. He wasn't even rubbing his jaw like they did in the movies. How pathetic. â€Å"No, thanks,† I hissed. â€Å"I'd rather walk.† I turned toward the road. It was only a few miles to the border. As soon as I got away from him, Alice would see me. She'd send somebody to pick me up. â€Å"Just let me drive you home,† Jacob insisted. Unbelievably, he had the nerve to wrap his arm around my waist. I jerked away from him. â€Å"Fine!† I growled. â€Å"Do! I can't wait to see what Edward does to you! I hope he snaps your neck, you pushy, obnoxious, moronic DOG!† Jacob rolled his eyes. He walked me to the passenger side of his car and helped me in. When he got in the driver's side, he was whistling. â€Å"Didn't I hurt you at all?† I asked, furious and annoyed. â€Å"Are you kidding? If you hadn't started screaming, I might not have figured out that you were trying to punch me. I may not be made out of stone, but I'm not that soft.† â€Å"I hate you, Jacob Black.† â€Å"That's good. Hate is a passionate emotion.† â€Å"I'll give you passionate,† I muttered under my breath. â€Å"Murder, the ultimate crime of passion.† â€Å"Oh, c'mon,† he said, all cheery and looking like he was about to start whistling again. â€Å"That had to be better than kissing a rock.† â€Å"Not even remotely close,† I told him coldly. He pursed his lips. â€Å"You could just be saying that.† â€Å"But I'm not.† That seemed to bother him for a second, but then he perked up. â€Å"You're just mad. I don't have any experience with this kind of thing, but I thought it was pretty incredible myself.† â€Å"Ugh,† I groaned. â€Å"You're going to think about it tonight. When he thinks you're asleep, you'll be thinking about your options.† â€Å"If I think about you tonight, it will be because I'm having a nightmare.† He slowed the car to a crawl, turning to stare at me with his dark eyes wide and earnest. â€Å"Just think about how it could be, Bella,† he urged in a soft, eager voice. â€Å"You wouldn't have to change anything for me. You know Charlie would be happy if you picked me. I could protect you just as well as your vampire can – maybe better. And I would make you happy, Bella. There's so much I could give you that he can't. I'll bet he couldn't even kiss you like that – because he would hurt you. I would never, never hurt you, Bella.† I held up my injured hand. He sighed. â€Å"That wasn't my fault. You should have known better.† â€Å"Jacob, I can't be happy without him.† â€Å"You've never tried,† he disagreed. â€Å"When he left, you spent all your energy holding on to him. You could be happy if you let go. You could be happy with me.† â€Å"I don't want to be happy with anyone but him,† I insisted. â€Å"You'll never be able to be as sure of him as you are of me. He left you once, he could do it again.† â€Å"No, he will not,† I said through my teeth. The pain of the memory bit into me like the lash of a whip. It made me want to hurt him back. â€Å"You left me once,† I reminded him in a cold voice, thinking of the weeks he'd hidden from me, the words he'd said to me in the woods beside his home. . . . â€Å"I never did,† he argued hotly. â€Å"They told me I couldn't tell you – that it wasn't safe for you if we were together. But I never left, never! I used to run around your house at night – like I do now. Just making sure you were okay.† I wasn't about to let him make me feel bad for him now. â€Å"Take me home. My hand hurts.† He sighed, and started driving at a normal speed, watching the road. â€Å"Just think about it, Bella.† â€Å"No,† I said stubbornly. â€Å"You will. Tonight. And I'll be thinking about you while you're thinking about me.† â€Å"Like I said, a nightmare.† He grinned over at me. â€Å"You kissed me back.† I gasped, unthinkingly balling my hands up into fists again, hissing when my broken hand reacted. â€Å"Are you okay?† he asked. â€Å"I did not.† â€Å"I think I can tell the difference.† â€Å"Obviously you can't – that was not kissing back, that was trying to get you the hell off of me, you idiot.† He laughed a low, throaty laugh. â€Å"Touchy. Almost overly defensive, I would say.† I took a deep breath. There was no point in arguing with him; he would twist anything I said. I concentrated on my hand, trying to stretch out my fingers, to ascertain where the broken parts were. Sharp pains stabbed along my knuckles. I groaned. â€Å"I'm really sorry about your hand,† Jacob said, sounding almost sincere. â€Å"Next time you want to hit me, use a baseball bat or a crowbar, okay?† â€Å"Don't think I'll forget that,† I muttered. I didn't realize where we were going until we were on my road. â€Å"Why are you taking me here?† I demanded. He looked at me blankly. â€Å"I thought you said you were going home?† â€Å"Ugh. I guess you can't take me to Edward's house, can you?† I ground my teeth in frustration. Pain twisted across his face, and I could see that this affected him more than anything else I'd said. â€Å"This is your home, Bella,† he said quietly. â€Å"Yes, but do any doctors live here?† I asked, holding up my hand again. â€Å"Oh.† He thought about that for a minute. â€Å"I'll take you to the hospital. Or Charlie can.† â€Å"I don't want to go to the hospital. It's embarrassing and unnecessary.† He let the Rabbit idle in front of the house, deliberating with an unsure expression. Charlie's cruiser was in the driveway. I sighed. â€Å"Go home, Jacob.† I climbed out of the car awkwardly, heading for the house. The engine cut off behind me, and I was less surprised than annoyed to find Jacob beside me again. â€Å"What are you going to do?† he asked. â€Å"I am going to get some ice on my hand, and then I am going to call Edward and tell him to come and get me and take me to Carlisle so that he can fix my hand. Then, if you're still here, I am going to go hunt up a crowbar.† He didn't answer. He opened the front door and held it for me. We walked silently past the front room where Charlie was lying on the sofa. â€Å"Hey, kids,† he said, sitting forward. â€Å"Nice to see you here, Jake.† â€Å"Hey, Charlie,† Jacob answered casually, pausing. I stalked on to the kitchen. â€Å"What's wrong with her?† Charlie wondered. â€Å"She thinks she broke her hand,† I heard Jacob tell him. I went to the freezer and pulled out a tray of ice cubes. â€Å"How did she do that?† As my father, I thought Charlie ought to sound a bit less amused and a bit more concerned. Jacob laughed. â€Å"She hit me.† Charlie laughed, too, and I scowled while I beat the tray against the edge of the sink. The ice scattered inside the basin, and I grabbed a handful with my good hand and wrapped the cubes in the dishcloth on the counter. â€Å"Why did she hit you?† â€Å"Because I kissed her,† Jacob said, unashamed. â€Å"Good for you, kid,† Charlie congratulated him. I ground my teeth and went for the phone. I dialed Edward's cell. â€Å"Bella?† he answered on the first ring. He sounded more than relieved – he was delighted. I could hear the Volvo's engine in the background; he was already in the car – that was good. â€Å"You left the phone . . . I'm sorry, did Jacob drive you home?† â€Å"Yes,† I grumbled. â€Å"Will you come and get me, please?† â€Å"I'm on my way,† he said at once. â€Å"What's wrong?† â€Å"I want Carlisle to look at my hand. I think it's broken.† It had gone quiet in the front room, and I wondered when Jacob would bolt. I smiled a grim smile, imagining his discomfort. â€Å"What happened?† Edward demanded, his voice going flat. â€Å"I punched Jacob,† I admitted. â€Å"Good,† Edward said bleakly. â€Å"Though I'm sorry you're hurt.† I laughed once, because he sounded as pleased as Charlie had. â€Å"I wish I'd hurt him.† I sighed in frustration. â€Å"I didn't do any damage at all.† â€Å"I can fix that,† he offered. â€Å"I was hoping you would say that.† There was a slight pause. â€Å"That doesn't sound like you,† he said, wary now. â€Å"What did he do?† â€Å"He kissed me,† I growled. All I heard on the other end of the line was the sound of an engine accelerating. In the other room, Charlie spoke again. â€Å"Maybe you ought to take off, Jake,† he suggested. â€Å"I think I'll hang out here, if you don't mind.† â€Å"Your funeral,† Charlie muttered. â€Å"Is the dog still there?† Edward finally spoke again. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"I'm around the corner,† he said darkly, and the line disconnected. As I hung up the phone, smiling, I heard the sound of his car racing down the street. The brakes protested loudly as he slammed to a stop out front. I went to get the door. â€Å"How's your hand?† Charlie asked as I walked by. Charlie looked uncomfortable. Jacob lolled next to him on the sofa, perfectly at ease. I lifted the ice pack to show it off. â€Å"It's swelling.† â€Å"Maybe you should pick on people your own size,† Charlie suggested. â€Å"Maybe,† I agreed. I walked on to open the door. Edward was waiting. â€Å"Let me see,† he murmured. He examined my hand gently, so carefully that it caused me no pain at all. His hands were almost as cold as the ice, and they felt good against my skin. â€Å"I think you're right about the break,† he said. â€Å"I'm proud of you. You must have put some force behind this.† â€Å"As much as I have.† I sighed. â€Å"Not enough, apparently.† He kissed my hand softly. â€Å"I'll take care of it,† he promised. And then he called, â€Å"Jacob,† his voice still quiet and even. â€Å"Now, now,† Charlie cautioned. I heard Charlie heave himself off of the sofa. Jacob got to the hall first, and much more quietly, but Charlie was not far behind him. Jacob's expression was alert and eager. â€Å"I don't want any fighting, do you understand?† Charlie looked only at Edward when he spoke. â€Å"I can go put my badge on if that makes my request more official.† â€Å"That won't be necessary,† Edward said in a restrained tone. â€Å"Why don't you arrest me, Dad?† I suggested. â€Å"I'm the one throwing punches.† Charlie raised an eyebrow. â€Å"Do you want to press charges, Jake?† â€Å"No.† Jacob grinned, incorrigible. â€Å"I'll take the trade any day.† Edward grimaced. â€Å"Dad, don't you have a baseball bat somewhere in your room? I want to borrow it for a minute.† Charlie looked at me evenly. â€Å"Enough, Bella.† â€Å"Let's go have Carlisle look at your hand before you wind up in a jail cell,† Edward said. He put his arm around me and pulled me toward the door. â€Å"Fine,† I said, leaning against him. I wasn't so angry anymore, now that Edward was with me. I felt comforted, and my hand didn't bother me as much. We were walking down the sidewalk when I heard Charlie whispering anxiously behind me. â€Å"What are you doing? Are you crazy?† â€Å"Give me a minute, Charlie,† Jacob answered. â€Å"Don't worry, I'll be right back.† I looked back and Jacob was following us, stopping to close the door in Charlie's surprised and uneasy face. Edward ignored him at first, leading me to the car. He helped me inside, shut the door, and then turned to face Jacob on the sidewalk. I leaned anxiously through the open window. Charlie was visible in the house, peeking through the drapes in the front room. Jacob's stance was casual, his arms folded across his chest, but the muscles in his jaw were tight. Edward spoke in a voice so peaceful and gentle that it made the words strangely more threatening. â€Å"I'm not going to kill you now, because it would upset Bella.† â€Å"Hmph,† I grumbled. Edward turned slightly to throw me a quick smile. His face was still calm. â€Å"It would bother you in the morning,† he said, brushing his fingers across my cheek. Then he turned back to Jacob. â€Å"But if you ever bring her back damaged again – and I don't care whose fault it is; I don't care if she merely trips, or if a meteor falls out of the sky and hits her in the head – if you return her to me in less than the perfect condition that I left her in, you will be running with three legs. Do you understand that, mongrel?† Jacob rolled his eyes. â€Å"Who's going back?† I muttered. Edward continued as if he hadn't heard me. â€Å"And if you ever kiss her again, I will break your jaw for her,† he promised, his voice still gentle and velvet and deadly. â€Å"What if she wants me to?† Jacob drawled, arrogant. â€Å"Hah!† I snorted. â€Å"If that's what she wants, then I won't object.† Edward shrugged, untroubled. â€Å"You might want to wait for her to say it, rather than trust your interpretation of body language – but it's your face.† Jacob grinned. â€Å"You wish,† I grumbled. â€Å"Yes, he does,† Edward murmured. â€Å"Well, if you're done rummaging through my head,† Jacob said with a thick edge of annoyance, â€Å"why don't you go take care of her hand?† â€Å"One more thing,† Edward said slowly. â€Å"I'll be fighting for her, too. You should know that. I'm not taking anything for granted, and I'll be fighting twice as hard as you will.† â€Å"Good,† Jacob growled. â€Å"It's no fun beating someone who forfeits.† â€Å"She is mine.† Edward's low voice was suddenly dark, not as composed as before. â€Å"I didn't say I would fightfair.† â€Å"Neither did I.† â€Å"Best of luck.† Jacob nodded. â€Å"Yes, may the best man win.† â€Å"That sounds about right . . . pup.† Jacob grimaced briefly, then he composed his face and leaned around Edward to smile at me. I glowered back. â€Å"I hope your hand feels better soon. I'm really sorry you're hurt.† Childishly, I turned my face away from him. I didn't look up again as Edward walked around the car and climbed into the driver's side, so I didn't know if Jacob went back into the house or continued to stand there, watching me. â€Å"How do you feel?† Edward asked as we drove away. â€Å"Irritated.† He chuckled. â€Å"I meant your hand.† I shrugged. â€Å"I've had worse.† â€Å"True,† he agreed, and frowned. Edward drove around the house to the garage. Emmett and Rosalie were there, Rosalie's perfect legs, recognizable even sheathed in jeans, were sticking out from under the bottom of Emmett's huge Jeep. Emmett was sitting beside her, one hand reached under the Jeep toward her. It took me a moment to realize that he was acting as the jack. Emmett watched curiously as Edward helped me carefully out of the car. His eyes zeroed in on the hand I cradled against my chest. Emmett grinned. â€Å"Fall down again, Bella?† I glared at him fiercely. â€Å"No, Emmett. I punched a werewolf in the face.† Emmett blinked, and then burst into a roar of laughter. As Edward led me past them, Rosalie spoke from under the car. â€Å"Jasper's going to win the bet,† she said smugly. Emmett's laughter stopped at once, and he studied me with appraising eyes. â€Å"What bet?† I demanded, pausing. â€Å"Let's get you to Carlisle,† Edward urged. He was staring at Emmett. His head shook infinitesimally. â€Å"What bet?† I insisted as I turned on him. â€Å"Thanks, Rosalie,† he muttered as he tightened his arm around my waist and pulled me toward the house. â€Å"Edward . . . ,† I grumbled. â€Å"It's infantile,† he shrugged. â€Å"Emmett and Jasper like to gamble.† â€Å"Emmett will tell me.† I tried to turn, but his arm was like iron around me. He sighed. â€Å"They're betting on how many times you . . . slip up in the first year.† â€Å"Oh.† I grimaced, trying to hide my sudden horror as I realized what he meant. â€Å"They have a bet about how many people I'll kill?† â€Å"Yes,† he admitted unwillingly. â€Å"Rosalie thinks your temper will turn the odds in Jasper's favor.† I felt a little high. â€Å"Jasper's betting high.† â€Å"It will make him feel better if you have a hard time adjusting. He's tired of being the weakest link.† â€Å"Sure. Of course it will. I guess I could throw in a few extra homicides, if it makes Jasper happy. Why not?† I was babbling, my voice a blank monotone. In my head, I was seeing newspaper headlines, lists of names. . . . He squeezed me. â€Å"You don't need to worry about it now. In fact, you don't have to worry about it ever, if you don't want to.† I groaned, and Edward, thinking it was the pain in my hand that bothered me, pulled me faster toward the house. My hand was broken, but there wasn't any serious damage, just a tiny fissure in one knuckle. I didn't want a cast, and Carlisle said I'd be fine in a brace if I promised to keep it on. I promised. Edward could tell I was out of it as Carlisle worked to fit a brace carefully to my hand. He worried aloud a few times that I was in pain, but I assured him that that wasn't it. As if I needed – or even had room for – one more thing to worry about. All of Jasper's stories about newly created vampires had been percolating in my head since he'd explained his past. Now those stories jumped into sharp focus with the news of his and Emmett's wager. I wondered randomly what they were betting. What was a motivating prize when you had everything? I'd always known that I would be different. I hoped that I would be as strong as Edward said I would be. Strong and fast and, most of all, beautiful. Someone who could stand next to Edward and feel like she belonged there. I'd been trying not to think too much about the other things that I would be. Wild. Bloodthirsty. Maybe I would not be able to stop myself from killing people. Strangers, people who had never harmed me. People like the growing number of victims in Seattle, who'd had families and friends and futures. People who'd had lives. And I could be the monster who took that away from them. But, in truth, I could handle that part – because I trusted Edward, trusted him absolutely, to keep me from doing anything I would regret. I knew he'd take me to Antarctica and hunt penguins if I asked him to. And I would do whatever it took to be a good person. A good vampire. That thought would have made me giggle, if not for this new worry. Because, if I really were somehow like that – like the nightmarish images of newborns that Jasper had painted in my head – could I possibly be me? And if all I wanted was to kill people, what would happen to the things I wanted now? Edward was so obsessed with me not missing anything while I was human. Usually, it seemed kind of silly. There weren't many human experiences that I worried about missing. As long as I got to be with Edward, what else could I ask for? I stared at his face while he watched Carlisle fix my hand. There was nothing in this world that I wanted more than him. Would that, could that, change? Was there a human experience that I was not willing to give up?

Who Should Be Responsible for Obesity

Who should be responsible for obesity? When it comes to the topic of America’s social problems, most of us will readily agree that the obesity epidemic is one of the major problems in America’s society now. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of who is responsible for this problem. Whereas some are convinced â€Å"Don’t Blame the Eater†, that the fast-food industry is responsible, other maintains that is a personal responsibility and what you eat is your business.My feeling on the issue are mixed. I do support Radley Balko’s position that it is a personal responsibility â€Å"What you eat is you business†. However I find that Radley Balko has over looked some issue on the corporation’s side and I also agree with David Zinczenko’s argument that it is corporate responsibility. I agree that in the articleâ€Å"What you eat is your business† Radley Balko  states that â€Å"We’re becoming l ess responsible for our own health, and more responsible for everyone else’s.Your heart attack drives up the cost of my premiums and office visits. And if the government is paying for my anti-cholesterol medication, what incentive is there for me to put down the cheeseburger? † More and more insurance companies are making ton of money every day, Americans rather spend all their money to pay for premiums health policies but not take care of their own health. But why bother to spend all the money on those policies, we can just put down the cheeseburger and save.People  argue that they don't have time to eat healthy but this is only an  excuse, if we all use five  minutes to pack our own lunch that can change a lot in the society, I know we all busy with all kind of different things in our daily life but we have an hour to watch TV but do not have five  minutes to pack lunch? Even a sandwich with a juice box is healthier than those fast-foods in the street. Isnâ₠¬â„¢t it a health body is most important to our life?In â€Å"  What you eat is your business† Radley Balko also claim that â€Å" Instead of manipulating or intervening in the array of food available to American consumers, our government ought to be working to foster a sense of responsibility in and ownership of our own health and well-being. But we’re doing just the opposite. † 61% of American is overweight in America, government, president, politicians and school board try so many things to ban the fast foods and sodas from school campuses and vending machines, but I think those are wrong way to fight obesity.Government and school board should foster people to eat health, teach them how to manage their diet and tell them the outcomes of not take care their own health, not intervening in the array of food available to American consumers. But I also agree David Zinczenko, â€Å"Don’t Blame the Eater† insist that† Drive down any thoroughfar e in America, and I guarantee you’ll see one of our country’s more than 13,000 McDonald’s restaurants. Now, drive back up the block and try to find someplace to buy a grapefruit. † Fast-food restaurants are all over the place, how can we avoid it?When we don’t want to cook or on Sunday some families want to eat outside, there is no other choice for them, drive down any thoroughfare fast food restaurant everywhere. It hard to find places where healthier foods are sold; there are inexpensive and convenient compare to fast-food restaurants. There are also a number of convenient stores everywhere, and convenient stores do not just offer chips and sodas, most of them offer fresh fruits, water and other healthy alternatives to â€Å"fast-food†. People can also choose to eat at home, or carry around a healthy snack that they got at home.Eric Schlosser in â€Å"Your Trusted Friend† emphasize that â€Å" Fast food chains annually spend about $ 3 billion on television advertising, their marketing efforts directed at children extend far beyond such conventional ads. The McDonald’s corporation now operates more than eight thousand playgrounds at its restaurants in the United State. A manufacturer of â€Å"Playlands† explains why fast-food operators to build these largely plastic structures:† Playlands bring children, who bring in parents, who bring in money. † Fast food restaurants become gathering spaces for families with young children.Every about 90 percent of American children between the ages of three and nine visit a McDonald’s. Children are the biggest consumer for fast-food restaurants, that’s way fast-food restaurant spend about $3 billion on television advertising and some other promotion, like buy happy meal with free toys. A successful promotions easily double or triple the weekly sales volume of children’s meals. But other side a successful promotions also easily do uble or triple the chance of being obesity. In my opinion I think fast- food over advertise.Even fast food industry influence of the food market is the biggest reason causing us to have obesity, as a consumer we put everything into our mouth, you can blame the fast food industry and the food available to us all day but you actually is responsible for what you eat. You can find all kinds of excuse, but you still have the responsibility to take care of yourself we need to be aware of the problem first, willing to take a step in choosing the right foods, and make an effort to do exercise without this demand at the first place, no one ethical company has the viability to survive in such a cruel demand driven market.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Baroque and Renaissance comparison

Art of the middle ages (which lasted from the 5th to the 13th century) was very religious in tone and content, especially in Europe. Art was overwhelmingly funded by the church, as the catholic church was the dominating force in European politics and had a greater influence than the political state. Portraits of the Madonna were very common. Paintings were very often produced by members of religious orders such as monasteries. It is interesting to note that most of the art produced was in the form of paintings often done in illustrated manuscripts. The figures in paintings reduced in this era were very flat.The colors were very muted most of the time, with the exception of using real gold leaf as an accent. The figures in paintings of the era rarely had shadows and possessed narrow faces with solemn expressions. There was no perspective in art of the middle ages; all of the paintings were flat and one- dimensional. Artists of the era made little to no attempt at realism. There was a fair amount of artistic evolution towards the end of the era. Paintings became brighter in color and tended towards more realistic imagery. Perception Egan to develop, causing images to look less flat.Paintings began to use different lighting and incorporate shadows. Art in the Medieval era evolved into more realistic imagery. (â€Å"Middle Ages Art. † Middle Ages Art. N. P. , n. D. Web. 15 DCE. 2013. ) The evolution in art of the later middle ages culminated with the Renaissance era (the 14th to 16th centuries). It refers to a cultural rebirth. The influence of the church began to wane, allowing for the political states to regain power. The move towards secularism bled into the art of this era. Art was patronized less by the church and ore by wealthy, independent investors who were usually royalty of some sort.Renaissance artists began to study perspective. They used figures with more emotions. Oil paints in brighter colors became more commonly used. Paintings incorporated b righter sources of light. Thus the paintings of the Renaissance era became far more realistic. As it is a rebirth, the art of the Renaissance era was heavily influenced by classic Greek and Roman art. Classical mythology became a subject for many works. Artists of the era portrayed gods such as Mars, the Roman do of war, in ways similar to how he was portrayed by the ancient Romans.The influence of the Greeks and Romans also gave more believable proportions to human figures. The images of clothing looked more realistic, giving them the illusion of movement and fluidity. (â€Å"Characteristics Of Renaissance Art. † Characteristics Of Renaissance Art. N. P. , 9 May 2011. Web. 15 DCE. 2013. ) Art of the era had a greater focus on naturalism. Paintings of realistic landscapes became increasingly common. They were made realistic by an increased understanding of believable space and perspective. The sense of depth became more realistic.The study of perspective allowed for spaces to look more realistic as backgrounds, which was not something that was focused on during the middle ages. The Renaissance was the culmination of all the social, political, and religious changes of the middle ages. It was reflected in the religious tones of art in the middle ages. And while art of the Renaissance became more secular and broader in subject matter, there was still a great deal of religious art. Catholics of the middle ages became interested in Greek and Roman mythology, which became a common theme n Renaissance art.The Catholic church began to look more at Greek philosophy. The middle ages began to consider the human condition, which ended up as a common theme during the Renaissance. The middle ages were entirely ruled by the church. But during the Renaissance, there was a bit of a backlash due to heavy corruption. The art of the Renaissance was far less religious in tone. It explored more themes, such as philosophy, the human condition, and the mythology of the Greeks as Romans. The church commissioned nearly all of the art produced during the middle ages, which is the reason for the overwhelming theme of religion.The Madonna and many Catholic saints are portrayed in the art of that era, and it was often produced by members of the church, clergy, or monasteries. With the shift away from the church during the Renaissance, the art of the era became more secular. The greatest difference between the styles of the middle ages and the Renaissance is realism. While art of the middle ages predominantly lacked a realistic look, it became the focus of most Renaissance art. Perspective was also introduced near the beginning of the Renaissance era, lending greater depth to paintings reduced in this era.While the paintings of the middle ages looked flat with slightly dull colors, the paintings of the Renaissance era had depth and became more vibrant in color due to the increased use of oil paints. (â€Å"The Relationship between the Middle Ages and Renaissan ce. † Web log post. Pious Fabrications. N. P. , 30 Cot. 2011. Web. 15 DCE. 2013. ) Madonna and Child was painted by Paolo did Giovanni Fee during the sass's. The colors are muted, but the background and the frame are leafed in gold. The figures, especially the hands of both and the feet on the baby, are unrealistic.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Battle of Algiers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Battle of Algiers - Essay Example Terrorist tactics are justified in the context of a war that is a product of colonization and when enemies cannot be differentiated from the masses, although it is not morally acceptable to use terrorist tactics when fighting a terrorist organization because it punishes combatants and non-combatants alike and uses technology to the detriment of the entire colonized people. The tactics of terrorism on both sides of the war are justified because of the nature of the socio-economic and political context of Algeria, where the minority is fighting the colonial rule of France, while France cannot discern combatants from non-combatants. The National Liberation Front or FLN only wanted freedom and autonomy for Algeria. The French, on the contrary, acted as the colonizer, so they aimed to crush the rebellion using all means possible. The FLN knew that it could not defeat the French with a heads-on collision, so it resorted to guerilla tactics, mostly terrorist attacks, to attain the mission of demoralizing the French and inciting the masses to fight their colonial masters. France retaliated to preserve its authority in its colony. It believed that the resistance was composed of the minority, so it felt justified to eliminate the rebels, even if it meant having casualties of non-combatants because of the difficulty of differentiating them from the rebels. It is not morally acceptable to use terrorist tactics, when combating a terrorist organization, because it does not differentiate combatants from non-combatants, thereby killing innocent civilians. The FLN bombed two French cafes and an airport because it knew that it could not conduct an effective offense using direct combat operations. Guerrilla operations would be more effective, even if they were stealthy and undermined the morality of their actions. This included hiding weapons in ordinary places and using women to hide guns under their burka and to launch bombing

Thursday, September 12, 2019

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - Essay Example The overall purpose of the project is to provide the medical, psychological as well as emotional support to the teens and youngsters who may be using drugs. The overall rehabilitation as well as their revival is one of the key purposes of the organization however, the focus is also assisting these teens to develop leadership qualities. Team building as well as organizational skills is also taught to these teens in order to help them to live a life which is organized and based upon mutual help of each other. The organization therefore is a non-profit organization with focus upon ensuring that the teens and youth are provided a new opportunity to live a better and more constructive life at the individual as well as community level. Target Population Though apparently the overall target population of the teens facing drug related issues what is however important to note that parents and guardians of the teens are targeted too. Since rehabilitating the teens is a holistic approach theref ore healthcare service providers therefore not only target the patients themselves but the parents of these children also. This approach is taken in order to ensure that the parent play a better and more constructive role in the recovery and rehabilitation of their children. It is also important to understand that healthcare service provider professionals work on the basis of developing co-leaders and presenting leaders in every situation. This sort of approach therefore helps the organizations to actually better target their population and become more organized in ensuring their proper response to their target population. (Kerfoot, 2004) The Benefits of the Program Apparently, the overall benefit of the program is to produce healthy and constructive citizens who can be better individuals. However, on the whole, program intends to develop a community which is based upon mutual respect and help for each other. In order to accomplish this task, this program therefore is aimed at utili zing and developing the leadership skills of the healthcare service provides including nurses to manage different situations on their own. This therefore allows the healthcare service providers to become more independent in carrying out their responsibilities and become more accountable and responsible for what they treat and deal with at healthcare services providing facilities. The Cost & Budget Justifications The overall cost of rehabilitating the teens and the youth is more than $5 million dollars per annum. This cost includes both the cost of medicines and other support directly required by the individuals in the overall process of rehabilitating them. It also include the support cost such as admin and other running expenses required to accomplish the task of providing overall support to the patients. Such high cost has also been due to the fact that it is becoming difficult to actually hire and retain quality nurses. The overall focus therefore is to build effective teams and co-leaders who can shine in every situation. In order to accomplish this task, more is being spent on training and development of the nurses to improve their overall capability to handle difficult cases in limited time and budget. The Basis of Evaluation One of the basic

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Healthcare Delivery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthcare Delivery - Essay Example In most situations, nurses take the big role of consoling patients as they patiently wait for the doctor. This issue can arguably said to be contributed by the fact that doctors are not well paid thus, they go abroad to seek for greener pastures where they can get good salary (Lundy and Janes 121). In addition, it is also evident that due to low remuneration form in the public sector, many doctors opt to operate private clinics where they have potential of earning good money. As a result, public hospitals record shortage of doctors. On the other hand, it is evident that due to shortage of doctors in public hospitals, the few available doctors are overwork as a result of attending to many patients without enough rest. When this happens, studies have documented that employees who overwork tend to offer poor quality services to their clients. In this regard, it is evident that the doctors would not be in a position to offer quality care to the patients due to exhaustion. In another dime nsion, current studies have also shown that motivation is a crucial element required for employees to produce quality work. Nevertheless, when employees are not motivated, they end not giving top results. In light of this, the bottom line is that since the few available doctors in the public hospitals receive low salaries and few incentives to motivate them, they feel not motivated to devote all their professionalism when attending to patients (Lundy and Janes 121). In addition, although some of the few available doctors in public hospitals may be seen in the office, most of them just appear there for a few hours and leave for their other assignments which include attending to their patients on their private clinics of other businesses that would help in supplementing the deficit they feel exists as a result of low salary by the government. The latter is that many patients will spend many hours queuing as they wait to see the doctor only to be turned down when the doctor walks away. Some doctors keep on changing or postponing patients’ appointments due to their busy schedule. The end result of all these deliberations is the provision of low quality services in the healthcare delivery. The other important issue of concern is the high cost of medical. Medical processes including diagnosis, testing, emergency care, specialist, admission costs and prescriptions have been a challenge to many people in the United States. For instance, some tests are considered costly to middle class and poor people in the United States. A specialised test that requires special machinery and chemicals may be expensive for ordinary people. In addition, some diseases require specialist to attend. The problem is when such specialists are few in the public hospitals (Lundy and Janes 122). In fact, most of the specialist operates private clinics. Therefore, the cost of seeing and getting help from them becomes high for ordinary people. It is also evident that staying in hospital fo r a long time translates to more money required to settle the hospital bills. This would be a problem to people who are not enrolled to any of the healthcare programs subsidized by the government. On the same note, even after being dispatched from the hospital, some people may not be able to take care of themselves due to high cost of after care services and other prescriptions required for recovery. In this regard, they are bound to look for cheap alternatives that do not lender good and quality services. Conclusion It

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Childrens Literature - Depiction of Fatherhood Essay

Childrens Literature - Depiction of Fatherhood - Essay Example The essay ‘Children’s Literature - Depiction of Fatherhood’ highlights the role of fatherhood in children's life based on discussing of two novels: Louisa May Alcott’s ‘Little Women’ and Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘Treasure Island’. Both the stories have very strong story lines relevant to that age when society was made up of gender identities and set patterns of behavior that were unique to girls and boys. The father in ‘Little Women’ plays a pivotal role, even though he is either at war or when he returns home, remains in the background in the novel. In her own life, the author, Louisa May Alcott had a lot of father issues. Her own father, Bronson Alcott was an unconventional thinker and a Transcendentalist philosopher, who always disrupted the peace and harmony within his family with his conflicting ideas and crazy projects. In R.L Stevenson’s historical adventure, Jim Hawkin’s father does not hav e a major role and his character is used to move the story forward. When his father dies, Jim is in search of a father figure throughout the story of ‘Treasure Island. The author R.L Stevenson has aptly substituted the father figure with other characters in the story. Both the authors make the readers realize the importance of a good and noble father and what could happen for the lack of it. Both these novels are masterpieces and indispensable to many youth who experience the same condition even today.

Monday, September 9, 2019

Border Security and the Threat of Terrorism Essay

Border Security and the Threat of Terrorism - Essay Example Views that by effectively securing its borders, amerce will have effectively assuaged the threat of terrorism by a half is rife. This view is predicated on the knowledge that money laundering, illicit drug trade, illegal immigrants and trade in other contraband products crucially depend on border security lapses and are key to terrorist activities. Background of the Study Events that surrounded and defined September 11th, 2001 totally reshaped American foreign policies, and security measures. By and by, the US government has become cognizant of the fact that strengthening its intelligence against terrorist threats would not in itself suffice. To America, for an attack of a high magnitude such as the September 11th, 2001 to occur, there must have been security lapse in border security. The veracity of this observation is clearly seen in the fact that every one of the 19 September 11th terrorist hijackers had received temporary American tourist visas and had outmaneuvered the screening department. The gravity of the matter is also seen in the fact that the Canadian border which measures 4,855 km long, the Mexican border which measures 3,111 km long and the presence of other unsecured ports leave the US vulnerable. It is against this backdrop that, America created Homeland Security in 2002 while passing and ratifying other measures that would render the airports, seaports and land borders more secure. Methodology The data that has been used in the investigation is both qualitative and quantitative. The need to use quantitative data is underscored by the fact that terrorism and border security are phenomena that can be analyzed in numeric and non-quantified manner. The reality that underpins terrorism can be expressed in quantities and may include: the number of victims and the funds that have been used in launching terrorist onslaughts and counterterrorism activities. On the other hand, the non-quantifiable aspects of border security and the national threat of ter rorism may include; the ideological difference that bifurcates and sows discord between America and proponents if Islamist ideology and the value of human life which is too sacrosanct to allow quantification. On the other hand, this paper has factored the use of both primary and secondary data. Primary data involves information that has been compiled by authorities and responsible agencies, concerning terrorism. Conversely, secondary data, referring to data that has undergone analyses and interpretation have been used, in order to widen the scope of ideas and facts that define and characterize American border security and the threat of national security to terrorism. Literature Review Steinmetz1 observes that there are other experts and authorities such as Michael Chertoff (Homeland Security secretary) who see the issue of border security and the manner in which it can avert the threat of national security as a matter that must not go unabated. Chertoff, for instance, maintains that even with the measures that the US, through Homeland Security has put in place; there will always be attempts at evading the American border security by terrorists.

Sunday, September 8, 2019

Processes and Evaluation in Employment Relations Essay

Processes and Evaluation in Employment Relations - Essay Example A study of the Australian workplace scenario shows that strategic HRM are often faced with issues when trying to affect cultural changes as lack employee focus, leading to increased work related insecurities and a persistently decreasing job satisfaction (Leah, 1999). Culture, which fundamentally relates to the meaning an individual deciphers about the world around him and an understanding of the tools with which he must deal with this world, the primary objective of cultural changes within a workplace is associated with conscious and active processes aimed at developing capabilities that enable individuals to find new methods of working. It makes way for new processes, beliefs, thoughts, and measures that help to bring about organizational success. Owing to current large-scale globalisation, business strategies have become more intricate, making it necessary that workplace culture within an organisation becomes more complex in order to implement various modifications. This paper wil l study the role of HRM as regards affecting cultural changes within an organisation and will derive that implementing cultural changes is a complex and difficult process, and HR management has a limited role in affecting these changes. Human resource management can be defined collectively as comprising of â€Å"all concepts, strategies, policies and practices which organizations use to manage and develop the people who work for them† (Rudman, 2002, 3). The current function of HR is to manage long-term goals, and to take a wider and more balanced approach, instead of convening only on internal issues pertaining to human resource management. Modern HR managers emphasise more on future-based goals, long-term strategies, value adding leadership roles with focus on global integration, primarily in terms of economic and socio-cultural integration (Adler and Gundersen, 2008, pp.7-9). Fig 1: Human resource activities of a modern business firm (International HRM and organizational be havior learning guide, 2010). Ulrich (1996) delineated HRM roles and divided them into four categories based on their functions. These are Change Agent, Strategic Business Partner, Administration, and Employee Champions (Ulrich, 1996, pp. 19-20). Besides these, HR managers must be knowledgeable about the socio-cultural effects of globalization and be technologically oriented. In context of HR functions as a change agent and a strategic business partner, which encompass bringing in strategic cultural changes within an organization, these are associated with guiding and assisting in creating an overall business strategy and framing of HR plans and activities, keeping in mind the current globalization. If human resource strategies are incorrectly planned and implemented, an organization is likely to face failure within the global market that is highly competitive in nature (Belcourt and McBey, 2010). Here, the human resource managers help to formulate overall business strategies and se t goals for a firm, while bringing in suitable workplace cultural changes within an organization that would assist in achieving success in overall business outcome. The word ‘organisational culture,’ which became popular during the 1980s, is often considered

Saturday, September 7, 2019

Take home exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Take home exam - Essay Example This is in contrast to their previous life where they were cosseted and cared for by their parents. They face the dilemma of struggling like other street children something that they were unaccustomed to previously. They face the dilemma of stealing as the rest of the street children or working for their survival. The children also face a dilemma when their aunt, who was helping in caring for their sister, who was a toddler, lives for Stockholm. They are left with the responsibility of being parents despite their ages. This results in the death of their sister due to a fever, since they were not able to purchase medicine. This shows the severity of their suffering since fever can easily be treated. Their quest for survival necessitates them to work for a prostitute, who gives them money for distributing her flier on cars around the city. The major dilemma that the characters face in the movie is when they meet their parent’s killer. They are face with the dilemma of seeking re tribution or forgiving the perpetrators. At first, we are made to believe that Gulistan wants to kill the perpetrator, but the situation plays out differently with the character choosing otherwise. The movie is tragic, and the death of the parents of these characters shatters their futures. They lose hope of achieving their dreams and are instead living only for survival. In the end, the characters are not able to solve the problems they face as orphans. Genre is a crucial element in films. Students study the genre theory in order to facilitate the student to categorize films. This is crucial for film student since they need to have in depth knowledge, in cinematography. The students will be able to critically analyze films and contextualize the content of the films. This is because they will look beyond the content of the film but will instead consider the other cover aspects of the film. They will also have a deeper understanding on the cultural aspect of

Friday, September 6, 2019

Industrial V.S. Pastoral Essay Example for Free

Industrial V.S. Pastoral Essay No other book has ever made me want to be a farmer more (or at all) than The Omnivore’s Dilemma by Michael Pollan. No other book has placed such a dark cloud of doom and gloom over such a seemingly simple topic such as food production. I’m of course not talking about two identical models. One model is of industrial agriculture contrasted by pastoral agriculture. In his research Michael Pollan visited farms of both styles, got to know the onsite operations, followed the food to its ultimate destination, and finally ate a meal created with the very ingredients he spent a week investigating. Michael describes the farm owned by George Naylor, which is of the industrial model, as being fairly easy in terms of manual labor but extremely difficult in the detective work. Detective work usually isn’t something that gets brought up often when talking about farms; here it is referring to the journalistic tracking that Michael Pollan had to do with Mr. Naylor’s staple crop corn. The difficulty in following a bushel of corn from the Naylor farm is his corn, along with the majority of corn grown in the U. S. will eventually wind up in practically everything we eat and use. He does a fabulous job of painting a picture of this river of corn and how it ebbs and flows throughout our lives eroding any dietary connection we once might have had to nature. Nature is after all a system based on diversity and here we see an entire nation built on and fueled by a single plant. The carbon in our flesh has even been tested and the findings were we are, after water, predominately corn. I was starting to think that there were too many chapters in this book about corn! It just kept going and going but once I realized how much it is entwined in our lives and how perhaps this is the only account of someone illuminating that truth it started to seem necessary. As those carbon tests showed we are what we eat, Pollan shows in his book we are what we eat eats. Just as diversity is the spice of life in an ecosystem so too is it necessary for the physical health of animals. We humans know that very well and apply it readily to our own diets but what happens when we don’t allow nature to run its course in the meals of our meals? The nutritional content suffers immensely; to the point where our entire notion of healthy foods is skewed. An example used by Pollan is our idea of the nutritional content in red meat and fish. It is considered self-evident that an excess of red meat will cause all sorts of health problems. Likewise it is pretty well known that most fish, especially salmon, is rich in the good omega 3 fats and should be a staple of our diets. Omega 3 fats are produced in the leaves of plants while omega 6 fats are produced in the seeds of plants. If a cow was grass fed he would produce a healthier steak than the fillet of a farm raised salmon. This is because that salmon is most likely raised on corn. One would think that the flip side of this coin would be an organic farm. Well that same person would probably be very shocked to read what Michael Pollan had to say about organic. People might even feel duped by places like Whole Foods. As it is described in the book organic should realistically be read â€Å"industrial organic† for the farms and slaughterhouses are hardly different at all. In fact, instead of steering it onto a whole new track the organic rules and regulations only make it that much harder to run a traditional industrial operation. What the author shows as the antithesis to industrial is pastoral. In this section he visits the polyface farm of Joel Salatin which is reminiscent of a farm you might find in the movie Babe. It is actually a huge relief to read about because up to this point in the book you are starting to question if this kind of farm even exists. In this parallel universe monoculture is a filthy word and the practices found in industrial food production are nothing short of reprehensible. This model mimics nature therefore it is complex and interdependent; each and every plant and animal are so entwined in each other’s existence it really begs the question ‘what came first the chicken or the egg? ’ But that is the whole point of polyface farming. Only through diversity (and remaining in the local market) can sustainable agriculture be achieved. Or put another way, all of our environmental/agricultural problems start from attempting to create a monoculture ecosystem. Ruminants graze the grass chewing about ? of the blade while simultaneously dropping cow pies. The bottom part of the grass that cows do not eat is favored by the chickens that follow in the hoof prints before them. Around this time the cow patties start to grow ripe with larvae which become extra protein for the chickens. While the chickens scratch around the cow dung they consequently spread the manure for the farmer. This is only a small piece of the pie in terms of the interactions between all species that live and work on polyface. This is also one of the cycles of nature that if left to its own devises extinguishes the farmers need for pesticides and other harmful chemicals. Salatin could be seen as the conductor while all the other organisms of the farm are the musicians and the instruments; he sees how nature works and makes sure all the conditions are perfect and helps nature along. With his many inventions and quirky optimistic attitude one can’t help but picture a cartoon character. Several times throughout the reading I was reminded of the industrial revolution; and not just because the industrial food chain was born out of it. I found it interesting how the industrial food chain resembled the industrial revolution in conditions only. It was bleak, mechanical, and the conditions the animals are kept in are just horrible and unsanitary. The mass wave of human innovation and change that came out of the industrial revolution is absent from that food system but are absolutely present at polyface. Obviously this is just one farm so the analogy might be weak but I feel the conditions of this one farm, if recreated and multiplied, could produce some amazing ideas and inspire positive change.